In the 2024 U.S. Presidential Election, former President Donald Trump and Vice President Kamala Harris have starkly different positions on several key policy issues. Trump focuses on immigration and inflation issues, while Harris emphasizes reproductive rights, education, and the maintenance of democracy. The two also have significant differences in their stances on foreign policy, economic taxation, abortion policy, and the Supreme Court.
在2024年美国总统选举中，前总统唐纳德·特朗普和副总统卡玛拉·哈里斯在几个关键政策问题上立场迥异。特朗普专注于移民和通胀问题，而哈里斯强调生殖权利、教育和民主维护。两人在外交政策、经济税收、堕胎政策和最高法院的立场上也有显著差异。
- Foreign Policy: Harris has just begun to reveal her foreign policy, which is expected to strengthen international alliances and U.S. participation. Trump, on the other hand, lacks a unified foreign policy concept, expresses skepticism about NATO commitments, supports high tariffs on China, and has a clear pro-Russian inclination.
- 外交政策：哈里斯刚开始透露自己的外交政策，预计将加强国际联盟和美国的参与。特朗普则缺乏统一的外交政策理念，对北约承诺表示怀疑，支持对华高关税，并且有明显的亲俄倾向。
- Immigration and Border Policy: Harris emphasizes combating transnational criminal groups and supports bipartisan legislation to strengthen border management. Trump, however, promotes restrictive immigration policies, such as travel bans on Muslim-majority countries, promises to reinstate certain policies, and strengthens border closures.
- 移民和边境政策：哈里斯强调打击跨国犯罪集团，并支持两党立法加强边境管理。然而，特朗普推动限制性移民政策，例如针对穆斯林国家的旅行禁令，承诺恢复某些政策，并加强边境封锁。
- Economic and Tax Policy: During his tenure, Trump implemented large-scale tax cuts and deregulation, promising further reductions in corporate taxes and expansion of import tariffs. Harris is closely associated with the Biden administration's economic agenda, supporting family-friendly policies such as paid leave and child care support.
- 经济和税收政策：在他的任期内，特朗普实施了大规模的减税和放松管制，承诺进一步降低企业税和扩大进口关税。哈里斯与拜登政府的经济议程紧密相关，支持家庭友好型政策，如带薪休假和儿童保育支持。
- Abortion Policy: Trump avoids taking a clear stance but supports state efforts to restrict abortion. Harris firmly supports abortion rights, proposes plans to protect them, and requires states to obtain Justice Department approval before modifying abortion laws.
- 堕胎政策：特朗普避免明确表态，但支持各州限制堕胎的努力。哈里斯坚定支持堕胎权，提出保护堕胎权的计划，并要求各州在修改堕胎法之前获得司法部的批准。
- Education Policy: Harris advocates for increased funding for K-12 education, higher teacher salaries, support for universal pre-kindergarten, and increased funding for historically black colleges and universities. Trump, on the other hand, tends to abolish the Department of Education and supports the expansion of private school choice programs.
- 教育政策：哈里斯主张增加K-12教育资金，提高教师工资，支持普及学前班，并增加对传统黑人学院和大学的资助。另一方面，特朗普倾向于废除教育部，并支持扩大私立学校选择计划。
- Democracy: Trump maintains his position on the January 6, 2021, Capitol riot, promising to release supporters imprisoned for participating in the attack. Harris emphasizes the importance of democracy by focusing on freedoms, pointing out the rights that would be taken away if Trump were to be re-elected.
- 民主：特朗普坚持他对2021年1月6日国会骚乱的立场，承诺释放因参与袭击而被监禁的支持者。哈里斯通过关注自由来强调民主的重要性，指出如果特朗普再次当选将会剥夺的权利。
- Supreme Court: The next president will face challenges in the Supreme Court and may choose two new justices. Trump has already selected three current young justices and is expected to continue his conservative path. Harris has conducted rigorous questioning of Trump's nominated justices during her time on the Senate Judiciary Committee but has not yet revealed her expectations for Supreme Court nominees.
- 最高法院：下一任总统将面临最高法院的挑战，并可能选择两名新的大法官。特朗普已经挑选了三位现任年轻大法官，并预计将继续他的保守派路线。哈里斯在参议院司法委员会期间对特朗普提名的大法官进行了严格的质询，但尚未透露她对最高法院候选人的期望。
词汇解释：
文章中有个词组是当代打工人都非常渴望的“Paid leave - 带薪休假”。
Paid - 这个词是形容词，意思是“已支付的”或“有报酬的”。在劳动和雇佣的语境中，它通常用来指代员工在不工作的情况下仍然获得工资的情况。
Leave - 这个词在劳动法和雇佣合同中通常指的是员工暂时离开工作岗位的一段时间。它可以指休假、病假、产假等不同类型的假期。
"paid leave" 指的是员工在休假期间仍然能够获得工资的假期。这种假期的目的是让员工在需要处理个人事务或健康问题时，不会因为经济压力而不得不工作。
"Paid leave" 的组合反映了这种假期的两个关键特点：
1. Paid ：强调了员工在休假期间仍然获得报酬的事实。
2. Leave：说明了员工暂时离开工作岗位的状态。
这种假期的提供通常被视为员工福利的一部分，有助于提高员工的工作满意度和忠诚度，同时也体现了雇主对员工福祉的关心。在不同的国家和地区，"paid leave" 可能包括：
Sick leave- 病假，员工因生病或需要照顾生病家庭成员而休假。
Vacation leave - 假期，员工为了休息和放松而休假。
Maternity leave - 产假，女性员工因生育而休假。
Paternity leave - 陪产假，男性员工为了照顾新生儿和伴侣而休假。
Family leave - 家庭假，员工因家庭责任（如照顾生病的家庭成员）而休假。
不同国家和公司对 "paid leave" 的规定和实施方式可能有所不同，但核心概念是相似的，即在特定情况下为员工提供有薪休假。
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