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上期划线句答案
While anxiety can also ramp up at night, and tends to make people feel agitated, tense and restless, nighttime depression is best characterized as a low mood.
虽然焦虑在晚上也可能加剧，使人感到烦躁、紧张和不安，但深夜抑郁的主要特征是情绪低落。
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本期内容
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双语阅读
Para.1
Do you know which letter was the last one to be added to the English alphabet? Or which instrument was invented to sound like a human singing? Or what is the name of the galaxy that our planet Earth is part of? In 2009, Min Jeong Kang, Colin Camerer, and colleagues were among the first ones to study how our brains respond to trivia questions like these, not because they liked trivia per se (they may well do), but more because they wanted to study the levels of curiosity such questions invoke, and the parts of the brain that are recruited in the process. They wanted to see what happens in our brain when we feel curious.
Para.2
They found that for questions for which participants had reported high curiosity, parts of the brain typically associated with anticipation of reward lit up. These areas usually light up when we are anticipating that something good or rewarding is about to happen. Imagine how you feel just before watching a concert or a movie you've been eager to see, or waiting for a meal at a restaurant you've been planning to eat at—that is the kind of anticipation that gets registered in this region of the brain.
Para.3
This was how the brain behaved during the anticipation bit. Next, as you know, came the Reveal. When participants finally got the answers to the trivia questions, the parts of their brains that are typically associated with memory, learning and understanding language became active. Even more telling was that these areas were more strongly activated when the initial guess was incorrect than when it was correct. In other words, if you had initially answered a trivia question wrong, areas associated with memory and learning were activated more strongly when you finally saw the correct answer than if you had answered it correctly to begin with.
Para.4
There was greater learning in the brain from failure than success. Simply put, what these findings suggest is that curiosity sets up an anticipation of a reward (for the correct answer), and once we receive the reward (the correct answer), the brain acts to consolidate our memory so that we learn the correct answer . And this learning is stronger if we had initially failed than succeeded.
Para.5
And such learning from failure is also stickier. Even after ten days, Kang and colleagues found that participants could remember the correct answers to the questions they had initially guessed incorrectly, showing that failure can make us curious to learn the correct answer, and once we learn it, it sticks for longer as well .
本文节选自：BigThink
发布时间：2024.10.3
作者：BigThink
原文标题：Curiosity plus failure is a passport to brilliance
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写作句总结
There was greater learning in the brain from failure than success.
结构：There was greater learning in the brain from … than ….
从…中获得的学习效果比从…中更显著。
例句：There was greater learning in the brain from practice than theory.
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阅读理解题
According to the passage, what does the research by Min Jeong Kang, Colin Camerer, and their colleagues suggest about the brain's response to curiosity-inducing questions?
A) The brain's anticipation of a reward is stronger when the initial guess is correct.
B) Areas associated with memory and learning are more active when the initial guess is correct.
C) The brain's learning from failure is weaker compared to success.
D) Anticipation of a reward is followed by stronger memory consolidation when the initial guess is incorrect.
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全文概括
A group of researchers studied the brain activity of people answering trivia questions. They found that when people felt curious about the answers, the brain regions associated with anticipation of reward became active. Upon receiving the answers, the brain regions responsible for memory, learning, and language processing became active, especially when the initial guess was incorrect. This suggests that learning from mistakes is more powerful than learning from successes. This enhanced learning effect was also observed to last longer, indicating that failure can increase curiosity, leading to more durable knowledge acquisition.
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打卡作业
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翻译 | 大橙子
校对 | 李柚子
词汇词组 | 西西弗
划线句讲解 | 流木
写作句总结 | 沅沅
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