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——大橙子留
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上期划线句答案
Chimpanzees have used twigs to fish for termites and ants, but they haven’t made any lasting improvements to the tool itself or how the tool is used.
虽然黑猩猩会用树枝捕捉白蚁和蚂蚁，但它们没有对工具或使用方法做出任何持久的改进。
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本期内容
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双语阅读
Para.1
Apart from those on a very restricted low-carb/ketogenic diet or those engaging in fasting, most people’s brains primarily run on glucose. Research indicates that as we age, our brains may have more trouble getting access to this fuel. This is even more pronounced in Alzheimer’s disease, which has been sometimes labeled “type 3 diabetes” for this reason.
Para.2
Conditions associated with poor blood sugar regulation are linked to higher risk for brain conditions. For example, type 2 diabetes may increase risk for dementia by 60%, and even insulin resistance is now linked to worse cognition. Conditions of very high and very low blood sugar are dangerous to our brains, and we’re learning that too much variability between highs and lows may also be an issue.
Para.3
Both high dietary added sugar and high or variable blood sugar have been linked to worse brain outcomes by way of processes like insulin resistance (which may make it harder for our brains to access glucose) as well as inflammation, which over time has been linked to higher risk for conditions like depression as well as dementia. Mechanistically, high blood sugar levels may lead to the development of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) which generate oxidative stress that promotes inflammation.
Para.4
Excess dietary added sugar also contributes to the development of over-inflated fat cells, which are also believed to promote more inflammation in the body that may damage the brain. One important point to make here is that fructose, which is a dietary sugar found naturally in fruits and a common component of added sugars in foods and beverages, does not raise blood sugar like glucose, but may still have long-term detrimental effects on brain function through inflammation as well.
Para.5
How do we integrate this information into a better understanding of sugar and the brain? At a basic level, for most people, research suggests that maintaining relatively stable blood sugar is an excellent strategy for protecting brain health. Much can be said about mechanisms, subsets of unique populations (e.g., type 1 diabetics), but for most people, regular exercise, a diet rich in minimally processed foods with lots of fiber, stress mitigation, and good sleep are key. When it comes to dietary sugar, almost everyone benefits from avoiding added sugar in their diet, and from minimizing consumption of foods that rapidly convert into digestible sugar (think white bread, cookies, candies, etc.).
本文节选自：Psychology Today（今日心理学）
发布时间：2024.9.15
作者：Austin Perlmutter
原文标题：Is Sugar Really Toxic to Your Brain?
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写作句总结
原句：Both high dietary added sugar and high or variable blood sugar have been linked to worse brain outcomes by way of processes like insulin resistance (which may make it harder for our brains to access glucose) as well as inflammation, which over time has been linked to higher risk for conditions like depression as well as dementia.
结构：X and Y have been linked to Z by way of processes like A (which may lead to B) as well as C, which over time has been linked to D.
X（某物）和Y（某物）与Z（某结果）有关联，通过像A（某过程）（可能导致B（某结果））以及C（某过程），而C随着时间的推移与D（某结果）有关联。
例句：Perseverance and hard work have been linked to success by way of processes like consistent effort (which may lead to skill development) as well as networking, which over time has been linked to greater opportunities.
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阅读理解题
According to the passage, which of the following statements is true about fructose?
A) Fructose raises blood sugar levels similarly to glucose.
B) Fructose is primarily found in fruits and has no long-term effects on brain function.
C) Fructose can contribute to inflammation in the body, potentially affecting brain function.
D) Fructose is less harmful to the brain compared to glucose in all circumstances.
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打卡作业
翻译文章中的划线句，文末留言打卡，下期推送会在文章开头处公布参考翻译答案，大家一起来学习英语吧~
翻译 | 大橙子
校对 | 慢慢
词汇词组 | 胖葛柔儿
划线句讲解 | 流木
写作句总结 | 大橙子
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