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上期划线句答案
At first you’ll be surprised to hear the strange sounds being uttered by your very own voice, but soon you’ll get used to that exotic sensation, and it will be a sheer delight—so much more fun than clumsilystumbling around in the heavy fog of an alien tongue.
起初，你会对这种用自己的嗓音发出的奇怪声音感到惊讶，但很快你就会习惯这种异国情调，体验到无与伦比的乐趣——这比在陌生语言的重重迷雾中笨拙地摸索要有趣得多。
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本期内容
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双语阅读
Para.1
Migraine attacks are no ordinary headache. They can cause intense pain and sickness, lasting hours or even days, making it impossible to do anything but rest in a dark, quiet room. And for millions of women, these debilitating attacks aren’t just an occasional experience but a recurring ordeal.
Para.2
Women suffer from migraines three times as often as men, with episodes that are more prolonged and intense. “It’s far more common than most people realize,” says Anne MacGregor, a specialist in headache and women’s health. Despite various treatment options, migraines remain the leading cause of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)—a measure of disease burden that accounts for time lost to ill health—for women between the ages of 15 and 49. While there’s still some mystery around how migraines work, one reason for this sex difference is hormones.
Para.3
During early childhood, boys are slightly more prone to migraines than girls, but puberty tips the balance dramatically. At this time, sex hormones begin to fluctuate and trigger physical changes including the onset of menstruation. This is often when girls experience their first migraine. From puberty onwards, girls experience migraines at a higher rate than boys, with this disparity growing more pronounced as people reach their mid-thirties and persisting into late life. “It’s chaotic at the two ends of a woman’s reproductive years,” MacGregor says.
Para.4
In adulthood, many women who suffer from migraines report experiencing attacks associated with their menstrual cycle. A sudden drop in estradiol—a potent form of estrogen—is thought to play a key role. A few days before menstruation, known as the late luteal phase, estradiol levels plummet. Women who are susceptible to migraines tend to experience a faster rate of estradiol decline around the time of their period compared to women who don’t. While estrogen drops around ovulation, too, the decline is not as rapid, which might explain why migraines aren’t as common at this time. The role of estrogen has also been observed in transgender women on hormone therapy, who show similar migraine frequency to cisgender women.
Para.5
Periods of fluctuating estrogen are also tied to migraines in women. As women hit perimenopause, the transitional period leading up to menopause, hormones become especially erratic. “Those women who didn’t particularly have menstrual migraine beforehand become more likely to experience it during perimenopause,” MacGregor says. After menopause, some experience relief. “But it’s important to say that patterns are variable—not everyone gets better,” says Richard Lipton, a neurologist and epidemiologist at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York.
本文节选自：WIRED（连线）
发布时间：2024.9.23
作者：science
原文标题：Why Women Get Migraines More Than Men
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写作句总结
原句：A sudden drop in estradiol—a potent form of estrogen—is thought to play a key role.
结构：X is thought to play a key role.
X被认为起着关键作用。
例句：The efficient utilization of energy is thought to play a key role in environmental protection.
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阅读理解题
According to the passage, what is the primary reason for the increased frequency of migraines in women after puberty?
A) Changes in lifestyle and stress levels
B) Fluctuations in sex hormones
C) A higher incidence of head injuries
D) Genetic predisposition
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打卡作业
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翻译 | 大橙子
校对 | 慢慢
词汇词组 | 胖葛柔儿
划线句讲解 | 流木
写作句总结 | 大橙子
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