5.3.2.1.1 Exposure to Light
It is important to avoid exposing blood specimens for photosensitive measurands to artificial light or sunlight (ultraviolet) for any length of time. For bilirubin, this is critically important when an icteric newborn is monitored for the possibility of an exchange transfusion.84 Other examples include vitamins A and B6, beta-carotene, and porphyrins.85 These specimens should be protected with an aluminum foil wrap, an amber specimen container, or the equivalent.
重要的是避免将用于光敏测量的血液样本暴露于人造光或阳光（紫外线）任何时间长度。对于胆红素，当监测黄疸新生儿是否有可能进行换血时，这一点至关重要。其他例子包括维生素A和B6，β-胡萝卜素和卟啉。这些标本应该受到保护用铝箔包装，琥珀标本容器或等效物。
5.4.1.1 Relative Centrifugal Force
Relative centrifugal force (RCF; g-force) is a more meaningful term than revolutions per minute (RPM). This document recommends that laboratories describe centrifuge requirements in terms of RCF. The RPM is of limited use to the reader without an indication of the centrifuge model and its specific rotor and head, and the effective radius. The effective radius is the distance measured from the rotor axis to the bottom of the fluid inside the tube at the greatest horizontal distance from the rotor axis.
相对离心力（RCF; g-force）是比每分钟转数（RPM）更有意义的术语。本文件建议实验室根据RCF描述离心机要求。RPM没有指示离心机型号及其特定的转子和扬程以及有效半径，受转子和转头限制。有效半径是在离转子轴线最大水平距离处从转子轴线到管子内部流体底部测量的距离。
要找到在旋转中心10厘米半径处的相对离心力，当离心机以每分钟3000转的速度运行时，将直尺放置在图表上，连接旋转半径刻度（A）上的10厘米点与速度刻度（B）上的3000转/分钟点。读取直尺与相对离心力刻度（C）相交的点——在本例中，为1000倍重力。
同样，如果已知所需的相对离心力（r.c.f.），可以通过连接两个已知点并读取直尺与速度刻度的交点，来确定给定旋转半径所需的速度。
5.4.2 Temperature-Controlled Centrifuges
5.4.2.1 Recommendations
Laboratories should have temperature-controlled centrifuges for temperature-sensitive measurands. Centrifuges can generate internal heat that may be inappropriate for measurand stability.113,11 Specific thermolabile measurands should be separated at 4 °C (eg, ACTH, cyclic adenosine monophosphate). Check to make sure that the centrifuge is at its intended setting. Unless documentation supports a specific temperature for a specific measurand, a centrifuge setting of 20 to 22 °C is recommended.
实验室应该有温度控制的离心机用于温度敏感的被测量。离心机可能产生内部热量，可能不适合测量稳定性。特定的不耐热测量值应在4°C下分离（例如，ACTH，环磷酸腺苷）。检查以确保离心机处于预期设置。除非文档支持特定被测量的特定温度，否则建议将离心机设置为20至22°C。
5.4.2 Recentrifugation
Original specimen tubes for potassium measurement should not be centrifuged more than once because results will be falsely increased.115-118 If necessary to further separate serum or plasma from cells, transfer the serum or plasma to another tube and centrifuge.
用于钾测量的原始标本管不应超过一次离心，因为结果会被错误地增加。115-118 如果需要进一步将血清或血浆与细胞分离，将血清或血浆转移到另一个试管中并离心。
Based on the studies cited, this guideline makes the following “general” recommendations, recognizing that there can be several exceptions:
· Separated serum/plasma should remain at room temperature for no longer than eight hours. If assays will not be completed within eight hours, serum/plasma should be refrigerated (2 to 8 °C).
· If assays are not completed within 48 hours, or the separated serum/plasma will be stored beyond 48 hours, serum/plasma should be frozen at or below −20 °C.
· 分离的血清/血浆应在室温下保持不超过8小时。如果在8小时内未完成检测，则应将血清/血浆冷藏（2至8°C）。
· 如果在48小时内未完成检测，或者分离的血清/血浆将在48小时后储存，则血清/血浆应在-20°C或更低温度下冷冻。
6.1.1.1 Storage
In general, serum can be stored on the gel for up to 48 hours at 4 °with exceptions such as phenytoin, phenobarbital, tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline, imipramine, carbamazepine), quinidine, lidocaine, and estradiol, which decrease with time secondary to absorption into the separator gel.
一般情况下，血清可以在4°C下在凝胶上储存长达48小时，苯妥英，苯巴比妥，三环类抗抑郁药（阿米替林，丙咪嗪，卡马西平），奎尼丁，利多卡因和雌二醇除外。
附录。在室温（20至25°C）下代表性测量中未离心的样品稳定性
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道阻且长，行则将至
行而不辍，未来可期
