三、中国传教
不少文章里说卡特此次回到中国即至宿州传教，但实际上卡特到中国时宿州站尚未建立，因而卡特传教的第一站是怀远，并在此停留了两三年时间。在当时教会出版的传教年鉴里，1911至1913年卡特的传教地写的都是怀远。[1]卡特于1910年10月来到怀远，起了个中文名字“贾德”。[2]1911年他参与了怀远教会的赈灾工作，并在江安教区的传教刊物《江安传教掠影》（Little Glimpses of the Kiangan Mission）发表了一篇文章，谈他带领教会学校的学生到火车站和码头接运赈灾物资的情形。[3]
卡特到怀远后不久，教会准备到宿州建立传教站，这项工作由卡特和另一名传教士胡德（George C. Hood）负责。关于宿州站建立的时间，有1910年、[4]1911年、[5]1912年、[6]1913年、[7]1914年[8]几种说法。实际情况是，1912年是传教士到达宿州开始建站的时间，1913年则是宿州站建成的时间。卡特1922年6月所撰写的宿州站工作报告说，该年5月7日是宿州站建站10周年。1912年5月7日胡德牧师和卡特夫妇到达宿州。1913年的大部分时间卡特夫妇仍住在怀远，卡特在怀远与宿州之间来回奔波。直到1913年秋，宿州站的各种设施基本完备后，传教士们才正式入驻宿州。[9]卡特写的1913年9月至1914年6月的工作报告说，这段时间他和妻子主要负责宿州站的启动工作，胡德则负责语言教学方面的工作。1913年底教堂建成，圣诞节时举行了宗教仪式，此前这些仪式只能在用作男子小学的一座宗祠里举行。从1914年初开始传教活动走向正规化。[10]
卡特（Thomas Francis Carter）
无论他走到哪里，无论他接触的是不识字的农民，还是文人或他学校里的师生，回到家他都会生动地讲述他所见到的新鲜事和遇见的人。他遇事从不缺乏幽默感，回家时也不会忘记绘声绘色地讲给我听。梅斯菲尔德（Masefield）在《马可波罗游记》一书的引言中说只有神奇的旅行者才能发现“神奇之地”。对于卡特来说，中国是个永恒的神奇之地。他第一次接触中国农民时，发现他这个普林斯顿大学优秀毕业生，虽然经过了三年的研究生学习，对季节、树木及各种收成、谷物的了解，还不如农民的孩子们多，这不禁令他哑然失笑。他还发现这些简单率真的伙计虽然从来没有读过书，却有着对学问的崇敬，这一点和他自己的苏格兰祖先十分相似。当他与这些人打交道时，他经常发现即便是没有文化的人，也能敏锐地洞察人事，令他自叹不如。他自己对世俗事务常常反应迟钝，难以参透。这种建立在家族基础上的社会结构，以及两千五百年来学问在成功之路上扮演的主要角色，不能不叩击这个苏格兰人后裔平静的心弦。职此之故，在卡特的开朗乐观、春风满面、彬彬有礼和对他人本能的关心体谅之下生发出了某种东西，加上他对中国格言的稔熟，令他立刻对中国人抱以同情之心。对他来说并没有什么难解的东方心灵之谜。他发现从一开始中国人的基本品质就令他感到亲近。他的与人为善、诚信笃实，以及在生活中对与人交往方式的看重——这是他的社会背景传承给他的第二天性，这些都是中国人自古以来尊崇的特性。实际上，这就是他们的儒家遗产的精髓。[34]
非常遗憾我们此刻不得不中断与宿州的联系。我们希望并祈祷宿州的工作稳步前进。对我们自己而言，我们希望在此时辞职，在美国待上一段时间，有助于卡特夫人的康复，这样我们未来就能长久地服务于中国。[46]
（未完待续）
注释：
[1]China Mission Year Book (1911), Directory (missionaries), Shanghai Christian Literature Society for China, 1911, p. xiv. China Mission Year Book (1912), Directory (missionaries). Shanghai Christian Literature Society for China, 1912, p. xv. China Mission Year Book (1913), Shanghai Christian Literature Society for China, 1913, pp. xiv, lxxxv, clxx.
[2]Thomas F. Carter’s information card, folder of Thomas Francis Carter, Call Number: RG 360, Series Ⅲ, Presbyterian Historical Society.
[3]Thomas F. Carter, “The Work of Christian Students in Famine Relief,” Little Glimpses of the Kiangan Mission, Kiangan mission, Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 1911, pp.27-30.
[4]Little Glimpses of the Kiangan Mission, Kiangan mission, Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 1916, p.22. A Window in China: Little Glimpses of the Kiangan Mission, Kiangan mission, Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 1917, p.41.
[5]安徽省地方志编纂委员会：《安徽省志 57 文物志》，方志出版社1998年版，第277页。
[6]Pen Picture of the Kiangan Mission, China, New York: The Board of Foreign Missions, The Woman’s Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 1921, p.12. G. Thompson Brown, Earthen Vessels and Transcendent Power: American Presbyterians in China, 1837-1952, New York: Orbis Books, 1997, p.198. 邵体忠：《宿县基督教会办学情况》，方兆本主编：《安徽文史资料全书 宿州卷》，安徽人民出版社2007年版，第486页。鄢化志：《赛珍珠、布克与宿州——皖北大地中美文化交流的百年印记》，合肥工业大学出版社2017年版, 第31页。
[7]A Year in an Oasis: Little Glimpses of the Kiangan Mission, Kiangan mission, Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 1915, pp.58-59. A Monthly Cycle of Prayer for the China Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 1919, p.13, Papers of Mae Chapin, 1885-1972, Call Number: MC 724, Box 19, Schlesinger Library, Harvard University. 卓新平主编、雷立柏编：《中国基督宗教史辞典》，宗教文化出版社2013 年版，第267页。Charles L. Boynton, Directory of Protestant missions in China 1916, Shanghai: Christian Literature Society, 1916,p.66.
[8]China Mission Year Book (1914), Shanghai Christian Literature Society for China, 1914, pp.11, 192. China Mission Year Book(1915)，Shanghai Christian Literature Society for China, 1915, p.14.
[9]Nanhsuchou Station Report, folder of Thomas Francis Carter, Call Number: RG 360, Series Ⅲ, Presbyterian Historical Society. Dagny Carter, “A Parable of Growth,” Little Glimpses of the Kiangan Mission, Kiangan mission, Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 1916, pp.31-33. The Carters, “The Years at Nanhsuchou, 1912-1922,” Reflections: Little Glimpses of the Kiangan Mission, Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 1922, pp.37-40.
[10]T. F. Carter, Personal Report, Sept. 1913-June 1914, folder of Thomas Francis Carter, Call Number: RG 360, Series Ⅲ, Presbyterian Historical Society. The Carters, “The Years at Nanhsuchou, 1912-1922,” Reflections: Little Glimpses of the Kiangan Mission, Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 1922, p.38.
[11]Pen Picture of the Kiangan Mission, China, New York: The Board of Foreign Missions, The Woman’s Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 1921, pp.24-25.
[12]Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. Board of Foreign Missions, Report of deputation sent by the Board of foreign missions of the Presbyterian church in the U.S.A. in the summer of 1915, New York: Board of foreign missions of the Presbyterian church in the U.S.A., 1916, p.407.
[13]Pen Picture of the Kiangan Mission, China, New York: The Board of Foreign Missions, The Woman’s Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 1921, p.25.
[14]The Carters, “The Years at Nanhsuchou, 1912-1922,” Reflections: Little Glimpses of the Kiangan Mission, Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 1922, p.37. Thomas F. Carter, “The Nanhsuchou Field,” Little Glimpses of the Kiangan Mission, Kiangan mission, Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 1916, p.28. Reflections: Little Glimpses of the Kiangan Mission, Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 1922, p.47.
[15]G. Thompson Brown, Earthen Vessels and Transcendent Power: American Presbyterians in China, 1837-1952, New York: Orbis Books, 1997, p.198.
[16]Thomas F. Carter, “Nanhsuchow,” Another Year in Changing China: Little Glimpses of the Kiangan Mission, Kiangan mission, Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 1913, pp.51-52.
[17]Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. Board of Foreign Missions, Report of deputation sent by the Board of foreign missions of the Presbyterian church in the U.S.A. in the summer of 1915, New York: Board of foreign missions of the Presbyterian church in the U.S.A., 1916, pp.407-408.
[18]鄢化志：《赛珍珠、布克与宿州——皖北大地中美文化交流的百年印记》，合肥工业大学出版社2017年版, 第31页。
[19]邵体忠《宿县基督教会办学情况》，方兆本主编《安徽文史资料全书 宿州卷》，安徽人民出版社2005年版，第486-488页。据该文称，含美小学1906年建，启秀小学1909年建，含英小学1907年建，含宏小学1907年建，皆在卡特到中国传教之前，但又称这几所学校的校长皆为卡特或其夫人，相互矛盾。邵体忠在另一篇文章中，则说启秀小学创办于1914年，与上文所说不一致。邵体忠、丁明贤《赛珍珠在宿州》，方兆本主编《安徽文史资料全书 宿州卷》，安徽人民出版社2005年版，第895页。疑邵文所说的诸校创建时间不准确。
[20]邵体忠《宿县基督教会办学情况》，方兆本主编《安徽文史资料全书 宿州卷》，安徽人民出版社2005年版，第487、488页。
[21]The Carters, “The Years at Nanhsuchou, 1912-1922,” Reflections: Little Glimpses of the Kiangan Mission, Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 1922, p.40. 但据邵体忠《林墅职业学校和校长夫人赛珍珠》一文，该校1924年确立校名，1925年招生，只办了一个学期就停办了。政协宿州市委员会文史资料委员会编《宿州市文史资料》第7辑，1997年，第87-88页。
[22]Pen Picture of the Kiangan Mission, China, New York: The Board of Foreign Missions, The Woman’s Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 1921, p.25. The Carters, “The Years at Nanhsuchou, 1912-1922,” Reflections: Little Glimpses of the Kiangan Mission, Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 1922, p.39.
[23]Table of Statistics, Another Year in Changing China: Little Glimpses of the Kiangan Mission, Kiangan mission, Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 1913, pp.59.
[24]Selections from Nanhsuchou Station Report, 1915-1916 ,written by Mr. Carter, folder of Thomas Francis Carter, Call Number: RG 360, Series Ⅲ, Presbyterian Historical Society.
[25]A Monthly Cycle of Prayer for the China Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 1919, p.13, Papers of Mae Chapin, 1885-1972, Call Number: MC 724, Box 19, Schlesinger Library, Harvard University.
[26]Pen Picture of the Kiangan Mission, China, New York: The Board of Foreign Missions, The Woman’s Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 1921, p.25.
[27]The Carters, “The Years at Nanhsuchou, 1912-1922,” Reflections: Little Glimpses of the Kiangan Mission, Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 1922, pp.39-40.
[28]Selections from the Personal Report of T. F. Carter, June 1, 1921 to June 1, 1922, folder of Thomas Francis Carter, Call Number: RG 360, Series Ⅲ, Presbyterian Historical Society.
[29]Frederick J. E. Woodbridge, A. V. W. Jackson, and A. H. Thorndike, Eulogy to Thomas Francis Carter, folder of Thomas Francis Carter, Call Number: RG 360, Series Ⅲ, Presbyterian Historical Society.
[30]Minutes of the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Kiangan Mission of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, 1913, p.20, collection of Presbyterian Historical Society.
[31]China Mission Year Book (1914), Directory (missionaries), Shanghai Christian Literature Society for China, 1914, p. 11.
[32]Minutes of the Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the Kiangan Mission of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, 1920, p.14, collection of Presbyterian Historical Society.
[33]Dagny Carter Murphy, “Thomas Francis Carter,” The Invention of Printing in China and Its Spread Westward, New York: Columbia University Press, 1931, p. ix.
[34]Manuscript of Dagny Carter’s “Thomas Francis Carter,” in The Invention of Printing in China and Its Spread Westward published by the Ronald Press Company in 1955, pp.4-5, L. Carrington Goodrich papers, 1890-1991, Call Number: MS#0502, Box 19, Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Columbia University.
[35]Personnel of the Kiangan Mission, 1915-1916, Little Glimpses of the Kiangan Mission, 1916.
[36]周勇：《宿州历史文化丛书 宿州景观》，合肥工业大学出版社2017年版，第91页。
[37]A Window in China: Little Glimpses of the Kiangan Mission, Kiangan mission, Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 1917, p.42.
[38]鄢化志：《赛珍珠、布克与宿州——皖北大地中美文化交流的百年印记》，合肥工业大学出版社2017年版, 第30页。周勇：《宿州历史文化丛书 宿州景观》，合肥工业大学出版社2017年版，第91页。A Monthly Cycle of Prayer for the China Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 1919, p.13, Papers of Mae Chapin, 1885-1972, Call Number: MC 724, Box 19, Schlesinger Library, Harvard University.
[39]邵体忠、丁明贤：《赛珍珠在宿州》，方兆本主编：《安徽文史资料全书 宿州卷》，安徽人民出版社2005年版，第895页。
[40]Minutes of the Twelfth Annual Meeting of the Kiangan Mission of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, 1917, p.12, collection of Presbyterian Historical Society.
[41]Thomas F. Carter’s information card, folder of Thomas Francis Carter, Call Number: RG 360, Series Ⅲ, Presbyterian Historical Society. Mrs. Thomas F. Carter’s information card, folder of Thomas Francis Carter, Call Number: RG 360, Series Ⅲ, Presbyterian Historical Society. The Chinese Recorder, January, 1917, p.72. The Chinese Recorder, March, 1918, pp.210, 348. 另据1920-1922江南传教区年会备忘录记载，卡特休假结束后返回宿州的时间是1918年9月，卡特夫人返回时间是1920年9月，应有误。Roll of Mission Members, Minutes of the Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the Kiangan Mission of the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 1920; Roll of Mission Members, Minutes of the Sixteenth Year of the Kiangan Mission of the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 1921; Roll of Mission Members, Minutes of the Seventeenth Year of the Kiangan Mission of the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 1922, collection of Presbyterian Historical Society.
[42]Minutes of the Twelfth Annual Meeting of the Kiangan Mission of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, 1917, p.13, collection of Presbyterian Historical Society. Frederick J. E. Woodbridge, A. V. W. Jackson, and A. H. Thorndike, Eulogy to Thomas Francis Carter, folder of Thomas Francis Carter, Call Number: RG 360, Series Ⅲ, Presbyterian Historical Society.
[43]Columbia Alumni News. v.15 1923/1924, p.83.
[44]邵体忠、丁明贤：《赛珍珠在宿州》，方兆本主编：《安徽文史资料全书 宿州卷》，安徽人民出版社2005年版，第897页；鄢化志：《赛珍珠、布克与宿州——皖北大地中美文化交流的百年印记》，合肥工业大学出版社2017年版，第31页。
[45]鄢化志：《赛珍珠、布克与宿州——皖北大地中美文化交流的百年印记》，合肥工业大学出版社2017年版，第30页。
[46] Selections from the Personal Report of T. F. Carter, June 1, 1921 to June 1, 1922, folder of Thomas Francis Carter, Call Number: RG 360, Series Ⅲ, Presbyterian Historical Society.
[47]Mrs. Thomas F. Carter’s information card, folder of Thomas Francis Carter, Call Number: RG 360, Series Ⅲ, Presbyterian Historical Society.
[48]The Chinese Recorder, February, 1920, p.148. The Chinese Recorder, September, 1920, p.666.
[49]Thomas F. Carter’s information card, folder of Thomas Francis Carter, Call Number: RG 360, Series Ⅲ, Presbyterian Historical Society. 有教会史学者将卡特夫妇离开中国的原因标记为“RS”，即辞职，而没有标记为健康原因“H”；同时传教站只标了宿州，没有标怀远，不够准确。G. Thompson Brown, Earthen Vessels and Transcendent Power: American Presbyterians in China, 1837-1952, New York: Orbis Books, 1997, p.198.
[50]Minutes of the Seventeenth Year of the Kiangan Mission of the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A., 1922, p.4, collection of Presbyterian Historical Society.
作者往期推荐
作者简介
何朝晖，历史学博士，现任山东大学儒学高等研究院古典文献研究所教授。主要研究领域为明史、版本目录学、书籍史。著有《明代县政研究》《晚明士人与商业出版》《书籍的社会史——中华帝国晚期的书籍与士人文化》（译著）、《书史导论》（译著）等。
【责任编辑：柴旭杰】
