CTI Social-ecological approaches 社会生态方法理论
文摘
Education
2024-03-15 21:31
英国
作者欧阳凤（山羊）-教育行动者, 从事过乡村儿童的阅读、科学教育以及早期教育议题，90后共同养育践行中，现于UCL攻读教育性别国际化发展硕士第二学期过得好快，CTI 教育概念理论和问题专业课已经到了最后一节课。
从两周前讨论的教育与人权right of education, 到上周的学习的能力理论 capability approach 再到这周的social ecological approaches. 每个理论都给到我很多的启迪，特别是结合过去将近10年的社会创新和公益实践经验，通过理论的视角对问题的确有更清楚地解释，理解或者评估。连续这三周的理论让人看到了理论发展的动态变化。从教育权利，发展目的，个人价值观，再到人与整个生态的关系。想起在过去几年的时间里，如亲人一般存在的科技奶奶总在激励我要看到系统的重要性，去思考人是如何学习，去提升理论基础。科技爷爷奶奶曾提出的素质教育是以身体健康为基础的大脑多方面发展，看到大脑在人的身体器官的系统。今天在UCL的自学更进一步地学到了社会生态学理论，这个理论和2018年在旧金山学习的系统思维很类似，提倡人要看到个人在社会的系统。这个系统是包括宏观，微观，经济，文化，其它生活，环境等综合的影响。 想想已经三周没有更新学过的理论内容了，今天直接把lecture讲解的关于社会生态学的内容摘录在里面，方便未来查阅，也可以给感兴趣的伙伴进一步了解。这里面的内容跟社会行动、公益教育、全人教育等行动息息相关，我也还需要进一步深入阅读相关资料和参与探讨，期待所学用在未来的研究或者社会行动里。因此，就不过多地迁移和扩展，直接看原文的英文，很有逻辑，也解释的很清楚。By the end of the session you will have: Identified that:Despite being distinct disciplines, often addressed by separate ministries and specialised professional groupings education, health and wellbeing are often intimately linked in people’s actual day-to-day lives;Be aware that: Wellbeing takes many forms: educational, physical, emotional, intellectual, economic, social, cultural and spiritual – and these are related.Wellbeing/health and education- Education and health are intimately related:
Poor education can lead to poor health;Poor health can lead to poor education/learning；Good health can contribute to learning;Good education can contribute to good health- A need to consider the immediate and longer-term effects of one on the otherf c
- To improve educational outcomes and people’s lives. Not only focus on schools, teaching and learning, but on improving children’s and young people’s wellbeing more generally
Moving from narrow focus on human health, to holistic wellbeingInfluences on wellbeing : Social-ecological and bio-ecological models Move from health to wellbeing- Can be understood as: Educational, economic, social, cultural, physical, emotional, spiritual, among others;
- Consensus on wellbeing across models (see readings): About: agency, capability and power; fundamentally relational, a process not a state (a becoming); requires enabling environments; inherently political (whose wellbeing matters most?); can be researched quantitatively and qualitatively
But: ‘tyranny of positivity’“积极性的暴政” Being made to feel guilty if not well; victim blaming如果不好就让自己感到内疚； 受害者指责Wellbeing/wellness as a product from chemist /or educational wellbeing as passive reception of facts. 幸福/健康作为化学家的产品/或教育幸福作为事实的被动接受。- Bronfenbrenner (child development applied to may fields)
- Personal development shaped by multiple factors happening at different system levels - micro; meso; exo; macro level systems个人发展受到不同系统层面发生的多种因素的影响——微观； 中观； 外挂； 宏观系统
- How these factors change over time is also important – Chronosystem
- 这些因素如何随时间变化也很重要——Chronosystem
Bio-ecological：A bio-ecological approach is a variation of social ecological theory ,brings the individual child back into the analysis. Wellbeing including educational wellbeing is enabled or disabled by a range of interacting factors related to: The person\Their own characteristics, abilities and resources\The contexts they experience\Settings (such as school, home, community spaces)\Society \Within and across time\Historical context\Short term (such as one-0ff activity)\Longer term (such as recurring activities)\The technological world they live in wellbeing包括教育福祉在内的幸福感是由一系列与以下相关的相互作用因素决定的：人\自己的特征、能力和资源\他们经历的环境\环境（如学校、家庭、社区空间）\社会\内部和外部 时间\历史背景\短期（例如one-0ff活动）\长期（例如重复活动）\生活的技术世界Who says?Tudge et al (2009; 2016); Jamieson & Richter (2017)One Health and wellbeing: An emerging intersectoral approach in promoting wellbeing. “'One Health' is an integrated, unifying approach to balance and optimize the health of people, animals and the environment. The approach mobilizes multiple sectors, disciplines and communities at varying levels of society to work together. This way, new and better ideas are developed that address root causes and create long-term, sustainable solutions.”Focus on deep-seated and complex issues with people ‘on the ground’促进福祉的新兴跨部门方法: “‘One Health’是一种平衡和优化人、动物和环境健康的综合统一方法,该方法动员社会不同层面的多个部门、学科和社区共同努力。这样，就能开发出新的、更好的想法来解决根本原因并创造长期、可持续的解决方案。”与“实地”人员一起关注深层次、复杂的问题Who says? :World Health Organisation: https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/one-health Gallagher CA, et al (2021)Decentering people 去人的中心化Role of education in promoting one healthEducation is affected by, for example, conflict, racism and climate crises, but also has a role to play in addressing them； Education about One Health can be understood in its broadest sense. What can take place in: Formal settings (schools, colleges, universities)；Non-formal settings (NGOs, community groups)；Informal spaces (families, civil society actions/demonstrations)?Key principles：Start early；Cover all phases of education；Inclusive（Include indigenous ways of knowing；Holistic；Global and local factors；Transdisciplinary（Make use of ideas and actions from across disciplines）Informing practice, enabling change指导实践，促进变革From explanatory theory, to theories of change从解释理论到变革理论If we understand that wellbeing is generated by factors interacting across a number of levels, then to improve wellbeing action needs to be taken across these levels and systems如果我们理解福祉是由多个层面相互作用的因素产生的，那么为了改善福祉，需要在这些层面和系统上采取行动。Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion Aligned with social-/bio-ecological approachesEnabling change/transformationPromoting education-related and other forms of wellbeing requires a consideration of three key elements- Grounding transformation in a set of underlying values
- Identifying areas for action确定行动领域
- Engaging people through inclusive strategies通过包容性策略吸引人们
Values ：Such as: equity, participation, empowermentAction areas/levels：Such as: policies, environments and settings (places/services) communities, individuals, Strategies：Such as: mediate, enable, advocate- Mediate：Bring people together who are affected, and/or who can bring about change. Understand what people have reason to value调解：将受影响的人和/或能够带来改变的人聚集在一起。了解人们有理由重视什么
- Advocate：Political, community and peer-advocacy so that you are working on behalf of affected people倡导者：政治、社区和同行倡导，以便您代表受影响的人们开展工作
- Enable：Provide people with opportunities to learn about an issue, plan how to bring about change, and give them the means to bring about change为人们提供了解问题的机会，计划如何实现变革，并为他们提供实现变革的手段
- Chronology (commonalities and differences over time)，Role of technologies/social media年表（随时间变化的共性和差异）技术/社交媒体的作用
We exist within interacting systems: Human wellbeing；Animal wellbeing；Environmental wellbeingIn order to transform: Values + action areas + strategiesTaken together: What values lead your work? What levels will you work in and through? What ways of working with people will you adopt?The role of education Can help us understand how our lives are embedded within interacting systems；Can contribute to wellbeing；Can compromise wellbeing；Taking action through education Formal education，Such as: schools, colleges, universities；Non-formal Such as: community groups, advocacy groupsInformal：Such as: conversations with family, friends, acquaintances- Education and health are intimately related in most people’s lives
- To find out what people value in their lives, move from narrower ideas of ‘health’ and education, to broader notions of ‘wellbeing’
- Poor wellbeing is often caused by multiple interacting factors: Biological, individual, historical, social, political, cultural
- People’s education and wellbeing are shaped by multi-level factors ;
- To bring about change, there is a need to move from explanatory theory to theories of change that address multiple causal factors
Promoting a sense of positive wellbeing- Requires planning and collaboration across different community, professional and policy networks需要跨不同社区、专业和政策网络进行规划和协作Involves unsettling existing power structures/inequalities 涉及令人不安的现有权力结构/不平等
