Background
The investigation was announced by Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, on 13 September 2023 during her State of the European Union (SOTEU) speech. This decision was based on growing evidence-based concerns about the recent and rapid rise in low-priced exports of electric vehicles coming from China to the EU. The Commission is following strict legal procedures in line with EU and WTO rules, allowing all parties concerned, including the Chinese government and companies/exporters, to present their comments, evidence and arguments.
背景
欧盟委员会主席乌尔苏拉·冯德莱恩于2023年9月13日的欧洲联盟年度咨文（SOTEU）演讲中宣布了该调查。此决定基于关于来自中国的电动汽车（EV）低价出口到欧盟的快速增加及其产生的担忧。委员会根据欧盟和世贸组织的法律程序进行调查，允许包括中国政府、公司及出口商在内的各方提出意见、证据和论据。
Nine months after the initiation of an ex officio anti-subsidy investigation, the European Commission has imposed provisional countervailing duties on imports of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) from China. Based on the investigation, the Commission has concluded that the BEV value chain in China benefits from unfair subsidisation, which is causing a threat of economic injury to EU BEV producers. The investigation has also examined the likely consequences and impact of these measures on importers, users and consumers of BEVs in the EU.
九个月后
在正式启动反补贴调查九个月后，欧盟委员会对从中国进口的电池电动汽车（BEV）实施了临时反补贴关税。根据调查结果，委员会得出结论：中国的BEV产业链受益于不公平的补贴，这对欧盟的BEV制造商构成了经济威胁。调查还审查了这些措施可能对欧盟BEV进口商、使用者及消费者产生的影响。
Contacts continue at a technical level with a view to reaching a WTO-compatible solution, which adequately addresses the concerns raised by the European Union. Any negotiated outcome to the investigation must be effective in addressing the injurious forms of subsidisation identified.
技术层面接触
技术层面的接触仍在继续，以期找到符合世贸组织的解决方案，并妥善解决欧盟提出的担忧。任何商议结果都必须有效应对已确定的补贴形式带来的损害。
The individual duties applying to the three sampled Chinese producers are:
BYD: 17.4%;
Geely: 19.9%;
SAIC: 37.6%.
Other BEV producers in China, which cooperated in the investigation but were not sampled, are subject to the 20.8% weighted average duty. The duty for other non-cooperating companies is 37.6%.
个别关税
对三家抽样的中国制造商适用的个别关税为：
比亚迪：17.4%；
吉利：19.9%；
上汽：37.6%。
其他参与调查但未抽样的中国BEV制造商适用20.8%的加权平均税率。对于未合作的公司，关税为37.6%。
Compared to the rates pre-disclosed on 12 June 2024, provisional duties were adjusted slightly downwards based on comments on the accuracy of the calculations submitted by interested parties. All the detailed findings of the investigation are reflected in the Implementing Regulation which is now published in the Official Journal.
临时关税调整
与2024年6月12日预先披露的税率相比，临时关税根据相关方对计算准确性的意见略微下调。调查的所有详细结果已在实施条例中公布，并登载在官方公报上。
These provisional duties will apply as of 5 July 2024, for a maximum duration of four months. Within that timeframe, a final decision must be taken on definitive duties, through a vote by EU Member States. When adopted, this decision would make the duties definitive for a period of five years.
临时关税实施期限
这些临时关税自2024年7月5日起生效，最长期限为四个月。在此期间，欧盟成员国将通过投票对最终关税决定作出表决。如被通过，该决定将使关税在五年内正式生效。
Procedure and Next Steps
On 4 October 2023, the Commission formally initiated an ex-officio anti-subsidy investigation on imports of battery electric vehicles for passengers originating in China. Such an investigation must be concluded within a maximum of 13 months of initiation. Definitive measures must be imposed no later than four months after imposition of provisional duties.
程序和下一步
2023年10月4日，委员会正式启动对原产于中国的乘用电池电动汽车的反补贴调查。此类调查需在启动后13个月内完成，最终措施必须在临时关税实施后四个月内出台。
Provisional countervailing duties are secured by a guarantee (in the form to be decided by customs in each Member State), and may be collected under certain circumstances only when a decision has been made to impose definitive duties.
临时反补贴关税的担保
临时反补贴关税通过担保的形式（由各成员国海关决定）予以担保，且仅在作出最终关税决定时才可能在特定情况下收取。
Following the ordinary trade defense procedure, Member States will now vote on provisional measures, by written procedure and by simple majority, no later than 14 days after publication of the provisional measures in the Official Journal. This vote will follow the so-called advisory procedure, under comitology rules (no legally binding effect).
普通贸易防御程序
根据普通贸易防御程序，成员国将在临时措施发布于官方公报后14天内，通过书面程序并以简单多数票对临时措施进行投票。此次投票将遵循所谓的咨询程序，即按照欧盟法规程序（无法律约束力）。
Interested parties also have the possibility to request hearings with the Commission services within five days from entry into force of provisional measures and to provide comments within 15 days from entry into force.
利益相关方的请求
利益相关方还可以在临时措施生效后的五天内向委员会请求听证会，并在生效后15天内提交意见。
After that, having taken into account the comments by interested parties, the Commission will disclose its proposal for definitive measures, if any, and allow adequate time (10 days) for interested parties to comment.
委员会披露
在考虑了利益相关方的意见后，委员会将披露其最终措施提案（如有），并允许利益相关方有充足的时间（10天）发表评论。
The Commission will then present the final determination to Member States, which will vote pursuant to the examination procedure under comitology rules (Commission proposal adopted unless there is a qualified majority against it). This vote will have binding effect.
最终决定的投票
委员会随后将向成员国提交最终决定，成员国将根据欧盟法规程序进行表决（除非有达到合格多数的反对票，否则委员会提案即被通过）。此次投票将具有约束力。
Any potential measures will be in force for five years, extendable upon substantiated request and subsequent review.
措施有效期
任何可能的措施将生效五年，并可在有充分理由的请求和后续审查下延期。
Following a substantiated request, one BEV producer in China – Tesla – may receive an individually calculated duty rate at the definitive stage. Any other company producing in China not selected in the final sample that wishes to have its particular situation investigated can ask for an accelerated review, in line with the basic anti-subsidy Regulation, just after imposition of definitive measures. The deadline for concluding such a review is nine months since its request.
特斯拉的关税个案
根据充分理由的请求，一家中国BEV制造商——特斯拉——可能在最终阶段获得单独计算的关税率。其他未在最终抽样中选中的在中国生产的公司，如果希望对其特定情况进行调查，可以在最终措施实施后提出加速审查请求。
以下内容来自环球时报
Chinese Officials Criticize EU Tariffs on EVs
Chinese officials, business organizations, and carmakers on Wednesday fiercely criticized the EU's decision to impose so-called countervailing tariffs on imports of Chinese electric vehicles (EVs), urging the bloc to advance talks to reach a mutually acceptable solution as soon as possible to avert escalating trade friction.
中国官员批评欧盟对电动汽车征税
中国官员、商业组织和汽车制造商周三强烈批评欧盟决定对中国电动汽车（EV）进口征收所谓的反补贴关税，敦促欧盟尽快推进谈判，达成双方都能接受的解决方案，以避免贸易摩擦升级。
They also vowed to take all necessary measures to protect the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese companies. Significantly, on Wednesday, the Chinese Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) said it has filed a complaint at the WTO against the EU's move, while a Chinese carmaker said it plans to file suit at the Court of Justice of the EU.
保护合法权益的承诺
他们还誓言将采取一切必要措施保护中国公司的合法权益。值得注意的是，中国商务部（MOFCOM）周三表示，已向世贸组织（WTO）对欧盟的决定提出投诉，同时一中国汽车制造商表示，计划在欧盟法院提起诉讼。
While both sides remained open to continuing negotiations, Chinese experts said that the EU has shown a lack of sufficient sincerity, as it insists on its imposing hefty tariffs against Chinese EV makers and seeks to conduct separate negotiations with individual firms in order to take firms down one by one, experts noted.
谈判的态度
尽管双方仍然表示愿意继续谈判，中国专家指出，欧盟表现出缺乏足够的诚意，因为其坚持对中国电动汽车制造商征收高额关税，并寻求与单个企业进行单独谈判，以逐个击破。
Unacceptable Move
In a press release on Tuesday, the European Commission (EC), the executive branch of the EU, said that it has concluded its anti-subsidy investigation by imposing definitive countervailing duties on imports of EVs from China for a period of five years.
不可接受的举动
在周二的新闻稿中，欧盟委员会（EC）表示已通过对中国进口的电动汽车实施为期五年的最终反补贴关税，结束了其反补贴调查。
The press release said that the so-called countervailing duties on Chinese EVs, ranging from 17 percent to 35.3 percent, would enter into force on the day following the publication in the Official Journal, meaning that they took effect on Wednesday.
关税范围
新闻稿指出，对中国电动汽车的所谓反补贴关税范围从17%到35.3%，将于官方公报发布后的次日生效，这意味着关税自周三起生效。
The move prompted harsh criticism from China. In a statement on Wednesday morning, a spokesperson for MOFCOM said that China "does not agree nor accept" the definitive ruling and has filed suit under the WTO dispute settlement mechanism.
中国的反应
这一举动引发了中国的强烈批评。周三上午，商务部发言人表示，中国“不同意也不接受”这一最终裁决，并已依据WTO争端解决机制提起诉讼。
"China will continue to take all necessary measures to resolutely safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese enterprises," the MOFCOM spokesperson said, while calling out the EU for engaging in unfair and protectionist actions under the guise of "fair competition."
继续保护企业权益
MOFCOM发言人表示：“中国将继续采取一切必要措施，坚决维护中国企业的合法权益。”同时指出，欧盟以“公平竞争”的名义进行不公平和保护主义行为。
At a regular press briefing on Wednesday afternoon, Lin Jian, a spokesperson for the Chinese Foreign Ministry, criticized the EU's move as "pure protectionism detrimental to China-EU industrial and supply chain cooperation, to European consumers, and to EU's green transition and global climate response."
中国外交部的批评
在周三下午的例行新闻发布会上，中国外交部发言人林健批评欧盟的举动称其为“纯粹的保护主义，损害了中欧产业和供应链合作，影响了欧洲消费者，妨碍了欧盟的绿色转型和全球气候应对。”
The response from the Chinese business community was swift and harsh. In a statement sent to the Global Times on Wednesday, the China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Machinery and Electronic Products (CCCME), which is representing the Chinese EV industry in the case, said the EC's definitive ruling is unfair, unreasonable, and unobjective, and seriously violates the relevant anti-subsidy regulations of the WTO as well as the EU itself.
中国商界的迅速反应
中国商业界的反应迅速且严厉。周三，中国机械与电子产品进出口商会（CCCME）向《环球时报》表示，欧盟委员会的最终裁决是不公平、不合理和不客观的，严重违反了WTO的相关反补贴法规以及欧盟自身的法规。
"As the defense party in this investigation, the CCCME will continue to lead companies to do well in the price commitment negotiations, and we will effectively safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the Chinese EV industry and companies through various legal means," the statement said.
CCCME的声明
声明称：“作为本次调查的被告方，CCCME将继续带领企业做好价格承诺谈判，通过各种法律手段有效维护中国电动汽车产业和公司的合法权益。”
The China Association of Automobile Manufacturers on Wednesday also slammed the EU's protectionist action and said that it firmly upholds and supports the Chinese government's WTO suit against the EU to protect Chinese firms' legitimate rights and interests.
中国汽车制造商协会的反击
中国汽车制造商协会周三也抨击了欧盟的保护主义行为，并表示坚决支持中国政府对欧盟的WTO诉讼，以保护中国企业的合法权益。
Some Chinese EV makers are already considering legal action against the EC's move. In a statement to the Global Times on Wednesday, SAIC Motor, which faces the highest tariff rate of 35.3 percent, said it plans to take necessary legal action to bring its case to the EU Court of Justice to safeguard its legitimate rights and interests.
电动汽车制造商考虑法律行动
一些中国电动汽车制造商已经在考虑对欧盟委员会的举动采取法律行动。周三，上汽集团在向《环球时报》发表的声明中表示，面对35.3%的最高关税率，计划采取必要的法律措施将其案件提交至欧盟法院，以维护其合法权益。
Earlier on Wednesday, the China Chamber of Commerce to the EU said that the EU's "unjustified" move against Chinese EVs can "neither strengthen the EU's EV manufacturing resilience, nor foster innovation or job creation," according to a statement sent to it by the Global Times.
对欧盟举动的指责
周三早些时候，中国驻欧盟商会表示，欧盟对中国电动汽车的“毫无根据”的举动“既无法增强欧盟电动汽车制造的韧性，也无法促进创新或创造就业”。
Yang Erlin, chairman of the Finnish Chinese Business Council and CEO of the Finland-China Development and Exchange Center, told the Global Times on Wednesday that while some Finnish businesses support the EU's move, others are focused on the impact of the policy on the Finnish economy, industry competitiveness, and commercial ties with China.
芬中商业理事会的看法
芬兰中国商业理事会主席、芬中发展与交流中心首席执行官杨尔林周三向《环球时报》表示，尽管一些芬兰企业支持欧盟的举动，但另一些企业则关注该政策对芬兰经济、行业竞争力以及与中国商业关系的影响。
Yang noted that the business community is worried that if the tariffs dampen China's interests in the European market, it may dampen the prospects for cooperation in areas such as green technology and green energy and may have an adverse impact on some Finnish companies hoping to expand into the Chinese market.
担忧对合作的影响
杨尔林指出，商界担心，如果关税削弱中国对欧洲市场的兴趣，可能会影响在绿色技术和绿色能源等领域的合作前景，并对一些希望扩展到中国市场的芬兰公司产生不利影响。
He Weiwen, a senior fellow at the Center for China and Globalization, said that in terms of the timing, the EC's announcement on Tuesday is in line with its own procedures; however, the EC's determination about subsidies is unacceptable.
对欧盟委员会决策的看法
全球化与中国研究中心高级研究员何伟文表示，从时间上看，欧盟委员会周二的公告符合其程序；然而，欧盟委员会对补贴的裁定是不可接受的。
"We can engage the EU side under the WTO mechanism, and if the WTO finds the EU in violation, the EU will be compelled to rectify its wrong practices," He told the Global Times on Wednesday, while adding that there is still room for the two sides to resolve the dispute through consultation.
通过WTO机制解决争端
他向《环球时报》表示：“我们可以在WTO机制下与欧方接触，如果WTO发现欧盟违反规则，欧盟将被迫纠正其错误做法。”同时补充，双方仍有通过磋商解决争端的空间。
Continuing Talks
Notably, both sides on Wednesday indicated that consultations will continue. The headline of the EC's press release on Tuesday stated that "discussions on price undertakings continue."
持续的谈判
值得注意的是，双方周三均表示将继续进行磋商。欧盟委员会周二新闻稿的标题表明“关于价格承诺的讨论仍在继续”。
"In parallel, the EU and China continue to work toward finding alternative, WTO-compatible solutions that would be effective in addressing the problems identified by the investigation," it said.
寻找替代方案
声明指出：“同时，欧盟和中国继续努力寻找其他符合WTO的解决方案，以有效解决调查中发现的问题。”
In the statement on Wednesday, the MOFCOM spokesperson said the Chinese side had noted the EU's comments about continuing price commitment talks with China, and stressed that China has persisted in addressing the trade dispute through dialogue and consultation.
MOFCOM的声明
在周三的声明中，MOFCOM发言人表示，中国方面已注意到欧盟关于继续与中国进行价格承诺谈判的评论，并强调中国始终坚持通过对话和磋商解决贸易争端。
The spokesperson said that the technical teams of the two sides are conducting a new phase of consultation. "It is hoped that the EU side will jointly advance the talks in a constructive manner and under 'pragmatic and balanced' principles, address each other's core concerns, and reach a mutually acceptable solution as soon as possible, so as to avoid escalating trade frictions," the spokesperson said.
希望推动建设性谈判
发言人表示，双方的技术团队正在进行新的磋商阶段。“希望欧方能在建设性的方式下，在‘务实和平衡’的原则下共同推动谈判，解决彼此的核心关切，尽快达成互利的解决方案，以避免贸易摩擦升级。”
Experts said that while the EC has indicated its willingness to continue negotiations with China, it has not shown sufficient sincerity.
专家的看法
专家表示，尽管欧盟委员会已表示愿意继续与中国进行谈判，但其并未表现出足够的诚意。
"The EU has agreed to conduct consultations based on the direction of price commitment offers made by China, but some of the EU's demands are unacceptable," said He, noting the EC's decision to apply different tariff rates against different carmakers. "Clearly, the EU lacks sincerity in the negotiations."
谈判的诚意
何伟文指出，“欧盟已同意根据中国提出的价格承诺方向进行磋商，但欧盟的一些要求是不可接受的。”他提到欧盟委员会决定对不同的汽车制造商适用不同的关税率。“显然，欧盟在谈判中缺乏诚意。”
While the Chinese side has repeatedly urged the EU to refrain from conducting separate negotiations with individual carmakers and focus on negotiations led by the CCCME, the EU appears to be continuing its strategy, stating in the press release on Tuesday that it remains open to negotiations with individual exporters.
中国的呼吁
中国方面一再敦促欧盟停止与个别汽车制造商进行单独谈判，专注于由CCCME主导的谈判，但欧盟似乎仍在继续其策略，周二的新闻稿中表示，仍然欢迎与个别出口商的谈判。
"By conducting separate negotiations with individual firms, the EU is seeking to take the companies down one by one," Wang Yiwei, a professor at the School of International Relations at Renmin University of China, told the Global Times on Wednesday.
逐个击破的策略
中国人民大学国际关系学院教授王义伟周三对《环球时报》表示：“通过与个别公司进行单独谈判，欧盟试图逐个击破这些公司。”
Wang said that the EC is well aware that the EU is falling far behind in EV development and is seeking to force Chinese companies to move some of their production to the EU, share their technologies, and relocate their supply chains.
欧盟的真实意图
王义伟表示，欧盟委员会清楚，欧盟在电动汽车发展上远远落后，并试图迫使中国公司将部分生产转移到欧盟，分享其技术，并重新配置其供应链。
"The EC is not just after tariffs. It wants Chinese companies' supply chains, technologies, and localized operations," Wang said, stressing that the WTO rules are on China's side, as China moves to safeguard its rights and interests.
保护自身权益的行动
王表示：“欧盟委员会不仅仅是追求关税问题。它还想要中国公司的供应链、技术和本地化运营。”他强调，WTO规则是站在中国一边的，中国正采取行动保护自身权益。
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2024/1866/oj
