“达克效应”是什么、怎么办？
文摘
2024-07-16 09:22
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“达克效应”（DK effect）其实是“邓宁-克鲁格效应”（Dunning-Kruger
effect）的缩写。The
Dunning-Kruger effect is a type of cognitive bias in which people believe
they are smarter and more capable than they are. Low-ability
people do not possess the skills needed to recognize their own incompetence.
The combination of poor self-awareness and low cognitive ability
leads them to overestimate their capabilities.达克效应是一种认知偏差，即人们认为自己比实际情况更聪明、更有能力。低能力者不具备认识自己无能的必要技能。自我意识差和认知能力低，共同导致他们高估自己的能力。The
basic idea behind the Dunning-Kruger effect is this: if you don't know
something, you also don't have the ability to recognize that you don't know it.简单一点说：如果你不知道某件事情，你也就没有能力认识到自己不知道这件事。（我们常说“无知者无畏”就是这样的）a
culture of managers not connecting well with employees because they have a hard
time putting themselves in novice shoes;管理者不能很好地与员工沟通，因为他们很难设身处地地为新手着想；a
product manager assuming that users should just “get” the feature despite
usability tests indicating otherwise;产品经理认为用户应该 "理解 "该功能，尽管可用性测试表明并非如此；an
investment group making decisions with much higher confidence than is warranted
by their past performanceConfidenceis
so highly prized that many people would rather pretend to be smart or skilled
than risk looking inadequate and losing face. Even smart people can
be affected by the Dunning-Kruger effect because having intelligence isn’t
the same thing as learning and developing a specific skill. Many
individuals mistakenly believe that their
experience and skills in one particular area are transferable to another.蠢人怕别人知道自己蠢；聪明人则自以为无所不能。（——好比“数学这么难我都学好了，我就不信学个外语有什么难的？）Incompetent
people tend to:- Overestimate their skill
levels
- Fail to recognize the
genuine skill and expertise of other people
- Fail to recognize their
own mistakes and lack of skill
To
avoid falling prey to the Dunning-Kruger effect, people can honestly and
routinely question their knowledge base and the
conclusions they draw, rather than blindly accepting them. As David
Dunningproposes, people can be their own devil’s advocates, by
challenging themselves to probe how they might possibly be wrong.为了避免陷入邓宁-克鲁格效应，人们可以诚实地经常质疑自己的知识基础和得出的结论，而不是盲目地接受它们。正如戴维-邓宁（David Dunning）所建议的，人们可以做自己的魔鬼代言人，挑战自我，探究自己怎么可能是错的。Individuals
could also escape the trap by seeking others whose
expertise can help cover their own blind spots, such as turning to a
colleague or friend for advice or constructive criticism. Continuing to study a
specific subject will also bring one’s capacity into a clearer focus.个人也可以通过寻求他人的帮助来避开自己的盲点，比如向同事或朋友寻求建议或建设性的批评意见。继续学习某一特定学科也会使自己的能力得到更清晰的聚焦。You
can avoid the Dunning-Kruger effect by being open to feedback, which is, of
course, easier said than done. Low performers do not receive criticism well and
are chronically disinterested in self-improvement. Rather than brushing off the
feedback and constructive criticism, attribute the
critique to your lack of knowledge and use it mindfully to move forward.通过虚心接受反馈意见来避免 "邓宁-克鲁格效应"，当然，说起来容易做起来难。绩效低的人不善于接受批评，而且长期对自我提升不感兴趣。与其对反馈和建设性的批评敷衍了事，不如将批评归因于自己知识的匮乏，并用心利用这些批评来推动自己前进。
独佳英语
最实用的学习问题解决方案，专治各种疑难杂症。
