Part One
如果你是零起点、语法盲，这部分或许对你有帮助，否则跳过此部分
。你或许为这些复杂而琐碎的概念困扰：
1.名词、从句、名词从句：
ü 名词是用来指一个人、物、行为、事件名称的词，（a word that refers to a person, a thing, an action or an event）。例如这里的word; action; event。
ü 从句也叫分句，是包括主语和动词（即谓语）的一组词，构成一个句子、或句子的一部分（a group of words including a subject and a verb, which form a sentence or part of a sentence）。例如：he says，虽然只有两个词，但“包括主语和动词”，所以是一个“句”。
ü 如何理解“句子的一部分”呢？我们看这句话：What he says is nonsense.（他说的都是废话）这句话中：What he says这个“句”成为is nonsense的主语。（如图）
S（主语） | V（谓语动词） | ||
His word | is nonsense | ||
连词 | S（主语） | V（谓语动词） | |
What | he | says | is nonsense |
这里的what he says（他说的话）相当于名词词组his word。我们叫他“名词从句”。
2.连词、陈述语序
ü 从句一定要有连词为标志。例如What he says is nonsense.中的what。
ü 不同于疑问句“what does he say”,从句中主谓一定要用“正常的”陈述语序he says。
3.主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，是怎么回事？
ü 前面的例子中，what he says这个从句做主语，我们就叫他“做主语的名词从句”——简称“主语从句”。
ü I hear what he says.（我听到他说的话）这里what he says是hear的宾语（宾语从句）；
üWhat shocks me is what he says.（让我震惊的是他说的话）这里的what he says在系动词is后，做“表语”（表语从句）
ü He gives me a word that he will help me.（他向我保证，他会帮助我。）这里的word= promise（保证、承诺）；that he will help me解释word的具体内容。我们叫他“同位语从句”（所谓“同位”：成分相同、所指意义相同a word =that he will help me）
有主谓，才叫“句”； 有连词，叫“从句”； 做XX成分、就叫“XX从句” |
Part Two
名词从句的连词有哪些、如何判定？（如你已能很好地驾驭，则跳过这部分）
ü that:引导出的名词从句，陈述一个事实。
He tells me that someone is telling a lie.
ü whether或if：引导出的名词从句，表达一个质疑（是否……）
He asks me whether someone is telling a lie.
ü WH-类连词：引导出的名词从句，结构上，可以把它理解为“用陈述语序的特殊疑问句”。这部分的连词比较复杂，我们结合例句看：
He asks me who is telling a lie.“谁在撒谎”（的问题）
He tells me what she tells him.“她说了什么”（话）
He doesn’t know why someone will tell a lie.“为什么一个人会撒谎”（的原因）
He asks me how I tell a lie.“我如何撒谎”（的方法）
He can judge which person is telling a lie.“哪个人在撒谎”（的判定）
He knows when someone is telling a lie, and when someone is telling the truth.“一个人何时在撒谎、何时在说真话”（的真相）
Whoever tells a lie will be punished.“任何撒谎的人”（一切人）
Whatever you are doing will pay off. “你现在做的一切”（一切事）
Part Three
英语句子特点之一，句子之间层次多、嵌套重叠，从而做到信息量大且表述精准。
【实战】复杂句不止于名词从句，但是我们如果辨别和理解下面这些句子，会对后面学习有帮助。如何从“简单”到“复杂”——
ü 名词从句做主语、宾语、表语……
People don’t care what one says.（care的宾语）
=What one says is not important.（is的主语）
People care how one says it.（care的宾语）
=How one says it is important.（is的主语）
ü 并列结构：层次相同、意义相关，皆可“并列”，连词有and、(not…) but、or等。
People don’t care what one says, but people care how one says it.（重复成分省略——）
People don’t care what one says, but how one says it.（两个从句并列做care的宾语，）
What people care is not what one says, but how one says it.
What matters more is not what one says, but how one says it.
What one says is more important than how one says it.（what从句做主语、how从句做than的宾语）
ü 复杂句：多重从句+并列
We believe that what matters more is not what one says, but how one says it.
我们看这个层次，想不想西欧封建领主制度？“我的附庸的附庸，不是我的附庸”——做从句主语的从句，不是主句的主语……
It is believed that what matters more is not what one says, but how one says it..
What we believe is that what matters more is not what one says, but how one says it.
What we believe is that what matters more is not what one says, but how one says it.
Our belief is that the point is not one’s words, but one’s way to say it.
We believe that what one says is more important than how one says it.
It is believed that what people care is not what one says, but how one says it.
What we believe is that what matters more is not what one says, but how one says it, when he says it, and where he says it.
