江南大学食品学院田耀旗教授团队在Carbohydrate Polymers发表题目为“Thermally processed rice starch impacts glucose homeostasis in mice to different degrees via disturbing gut microbial structure and intestinal barrier function”研究论文（热加工大米淀粉通过扰乱肠道微生物结构和肠道屏障功能对小鼠血糖稳态产生不同程度的影响）。摘要： 长期食用热加工的淀粉类食品可能会影响血糖稳态，但各种热处理效果的一致性和原因尚不清楚。本研究中，热处理，尤其是煮沸，破坏了淀粉基混合物的晶体结构和分子间氢键，从而降低了结构的有序性和稳定性。这些经过热处理的淀粉基混合物增加了小鼠的食欲，促进了食物消化，并增强了餐后血糖反应。正常 C57BL/6J 小鼠接受了十周的煮、烤和煎炸淀粉基饮食。与烤和煎炸淀粉基饮食相比，煮淀粉基饮食显著 (p < 0.05) 升高了随机血糖水平并破坏了胰岛素稳态，这主要是由于肠道微生物多样性显著下降。烘烤和油炸类淀粉饮食均导致肠道上皮通透性较高（血浆脂多糖分别增加28.67%和21.85%），对胰岛β细胞功能产生不利影响，引发糖代谢紊乱。总体而言，结果表明淀粉类饮食的热加工、肠道稳态破坏和不良葡萄糖代谢之间存在明显联系。本研究为制定食品加工策略以减轻热处理食品对葡萄糖稳态的不利影响奠定了理论基础。研究结果：3.1. 各种热加工饮食中碳水化合物（淀粉）的结构变化直接影响餐后血糖稳态Fig. 1. Structural changes of carbohydrate (starch) in various thermally processed diets directly impact postprandial glucose homeostasis.3.2. 不同热加工淀粉类饮食对血糖稳态的影响程度不同Fig. 2. Diverse thermally processed starch-based diets impact the blood glucose homeostasis to different extent.3.3. 不同热加工淀粉类饮食不同程度地破坏胰岛素稳态，并诱发肝脏糖异生异常Fig. 3. Different thermally processed starch-based diets destroy insulin homeostasis to varying degrees.Fig. 4. Effects of thermally processed (boiled, baked, and fried) starch-based diets (ten weeks of intervention) on the hepatic gluconeogenesis ability of normal mice.3.4. 热加工淀粉类饮食会改变肠道微生物结构并降低 SCFA 的产生Fig. 5. Thermally processed starch-based diets alter gut microbial structure and decrease SCFA production.Fig. 6. Changes in KEGG pathways of (A) level 1, (B) level 2, and (C) level 3.3.5. 热加工淀粉类饮食影响肠道屏障功能并增加炎症标志物的蛋白质表达Fig. 7. Thermally processed starch-based diets impact intestinal barrier function and increase gene expression of inflammatory markers of normal mice.3.6. 热加工淀粉类饮食影响血糖稳态的关键因素分析Fig. 8. (A) The effects of thermally processed starch-based diets (ten weeks) on the physiological indicators were summarized. (B) Mantel correlation analysis between physiological parameters and intestinal health indicators. Spearman's correlation (C) between gut microbial diversity/structure and intestinal barrier-related indicators, and (D) between the top 30 genera and physiological indicators.原文链接：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122795
