01
原文:Chen Z, Jiang X, Liu Z, et al. Tax Policy and Lumpy Investment Behaviour: Evidence from China’s VAT Reform[J]. The Review of Economic Studies, 2023, 90: 634-674.
Tax Policy and Lumpy Investment Behaviour: Evidence from China’s VAT Reform
ABSTRACT: We incorporate the lumpy nature of firm-level investment into the study of how tax policy affects investment behavior. We show that tax policies can directly impact the lumpiness of investment. Extensive-margin responses to tax policy are key to understanding the effects of different tax reforms and to designing effective stimulus policies. We illustrate these results by studying China’s 2009 VAT reform, which lowered the tax cost of investment and reduced partial irreversibility—the price gap between new and used capital. Using comprehensive tax survey data and a difference-in-differences design, we estimate a 36% relative investment increase that is driven by investment spikes. Using a dynamic investment model that fits the reduced-form effects of the reform, we show that policies that directly reduce the likelihood of firm inaction are more effective at stimulating investment.
税收政策与不稳定的投资行为:中国增值税改革的证据
摘要:在研究税收政策如何影响投资行为时,作者将公司层面投资的波动性纳入其中。研究表明,税收政策会直接影响投资的波动性。理解税收政策的广延边际效应是理解不同税收改革效果和设计有效刺激政策的关键。作者通过研究中国 2009年的增值税改革来说明这些结果,改革降低了投资的税收成本,和减少了投资的部分不可逆性--新资本和旧资本之间的价格差距。利用全面的税收调查数据和差分模型设计,作者估算出了由投资峰值推动了36%的相对投资增长。作者使用一个动态投资模型来拟合改革的简化形式效应,结果表明,直接降低企业不作为可能性的政策在刺激投资方面更为有效。
亮点:(1)本文通过提出完整的投资摩擦理论和构建动态投资模型分析了集约边际和广延边际效应,对税收政策如何影响企业大额投资行为进行了理论解释。(2)从投资模型的视角研究了现实世界的税收改革,本文强调了税收政策对投资摩擦的影响。(3)税收改革对经济的影响类似外生冲击,本文使用准自然实验方法估计了税收改革的影响,进而展现了投资摩擦的本质。(4)本文的研究结论对世界各国实施减税降费政策都具有重要启示。
02
原文:Barwick P J, Liu Y, Patacchini E, et al. Information, Mobile Communication, and Referral Effects[J]. American Economic Review, 2023, 113(5): 1170-1207.
Information, Mobile Communication, and Referral Effects
ABSTRACT: This paper uses the universe of cellphone records from a Chinese telecommunication provider for a northern Chinese city to examine the role of information exchange in urban labor markets. We provide the first direct evidence of increased communication among referral pairs around job changes. Information provided by social contacts mitigates information asymmetry and improves labor market performance.
信息、移动通信和转介效应
摘要:本文利用一家中国电信运营商提供的中国北方城市手机通话记录,研究了信息交流在城市劳动力市场中的作用。本文首次提供了直接证据,证明推荐人之间围绕工作变动的交流有所增加;社会联系人提供的信息缓解了信息不对称,提高了劳动力市场的绩效。
亮点:(1)文章将手机记录数据和社会经济数据相结合,更精确地揭示了城市劳动力市场的流动。(2)文章提出了一种可以精确到个体社交网络的测量方法,并提供了求职者和推荐人之间信息交流的证据。(3)文章量化了信息交换在城市劳动力市场流动中的促进作用,并首次记录了求职者更换工作时与推荐人之间沟通强度的变化。
03
原文:Rubens, M. Market structure, oligopsony power, and productivity[J]. American Economic Review, 2023, 113(9) : 2382-2410.
Market Structure, Oligopsony Power, and Productivity
ABSTRACT: I examine the effects of oligopsony power on allocative efficiency and income redistribution by studying a size regulation in the Chinese tobacco industry that led to ownership consolidation. I show that separate identification of input price markdowns, goods price markups, and productivity is challenging when a subset of inputs is nonsubstitutable, which often holds for materials, and construct and estimate a model to overcome this challenge. I find that the regulation increased input price markdowns by 37 percent on average. This increase in oligopsony power led to a decline in allocative efficiency and redistributed income away from rural households.
市场结构、寡头力量和生产力
摘要:本文通过研究中国烟草行业导致所有权整合的规模管制,考察了寡头力量对分配效率和收入再分配的影响。研究表明,当投入品的子集不可替代时(材料通常如此),单独识别投入品降价、商品涨价和生产率是具有挑战性的,因此本文构建并估计了一个模型来克服这一挑战。本文发现,该法规使投入品降价平均增加了 37%。寡头力量的增加导致了分配效率的下降,并使农村家庭的收入发生了重新分配。
亮点:(1)本文研究了所有权合并如何影响投入价格降价和生产率。先前关于所有权整合对生产率、对下游市场势力或对上游市场势力的影响的研究通常假设外生的投入价格和/或外生的生产率,本文允许投入品价格内生化。(2)越来越多的文献发现了企业在其投入品市场(如劳动力市场或中间投入品市场)上具有市场支配力的证据。这些文献大多关注这种“买方力量”的分配效应,但对其对分配效率低下的影响却知之甚少。此外,确定买方力量的水平及其分配效应在经验上也具有挑战性。因此本文的第二个亮点是研究了买方垄断势力对分配效率和收入再分配的影响。
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总编:游家兴
解析:徐国丽
审校:林珉慧 陈沁圆
编辑:潘芳妍