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原文:Lee C M C, Zhong Q. Shall we talk? The role of interactive investor platforms in corporate communication[J]. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 2022, 74(2-3): 101524.
Shall we talk? The role of interactive investor platforms in corporate communication
ABSTRACT: Between 2010 and 2017, Chinese investors used an investor interactive platform (IIP) to ask public companies around 2.5 million questions, the vast majority of which received a reply within two weeks. We analyze these IIP dialogues using a BERT-based algorithm and provide preliminary evidence on their causes and consequences. Our analyses show most questions reflect investors’ difficulties in processing information already in the public domain. Controlling for other news, higher IIP activity is associated with increases in trading volume, return volatility, market liquidity, and price informativeness as well as decreases in bid-ask spread. Financial statement-related postings increase around the adoption of new accounting standards. Collectively, our results show that investors face significant information processing costs but that IIP activities help reduce these costs, leading to improvements in stock price formation.
我们谈谈好吗?投资者互动平台在企业沟通中的作用
摘要:在2010—2017年间,中国投资者通过投资者互动平台(IIP)向上市公司提出了约250万个问题,其中绝大多数在两周内得到了回复。文章使用基于BERT的算法分析了这些IIP对话,结果表明,大多数问题反映了投资者在处理已经公开信息方面的困难。在控制其他变量的情况下,IIP交易活动的增加与股票交易量、股价波动性、市场流动性、价格信息性的增加以及买卖价差的减小有关。随着新会计准则的采用,与财务报表相关的IIP问题增加。总体而言,投资者面临着巨大的信息处理成本,但IIP的活动有助于降低这些成本,从而改善股价形成。
亮点:(1)丰富了直接与投资者进行沟通可以提高金融市场的信息效率的文献。过往研究表明,与资本市场参与者进行直接互动有助于提高金融市场的信息效率。然而,这些研究主要关注机构投资者和卖方分析师。本文则发现通过在线平台直接交流对普通投资者来说尤为重要,并且也可以为上市公司带来显著的好处。(2)本文的研究结果表明,即使是明确书写的披露文件也可能导致困惑,而对话可能会提高投资者的理解能力。目前的法规主要关注增加普通投资者对公司披露文件的认识和获取途径,以减少投资者类别之间的歧视。然而,本文的研究结果表明,普通投资者面临的更重要问题可能是整合成本。因此,本文的发现表明努力降低这些成本,例如引入在线平台,可以同时为普通投资者和上市公司带来好处。
02
原文:Wong T J, Yu G, Zhang S, et al. Calling for transparency: Evidence from a field experiment[J]. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 2024, 77(1): 101604.
Calling for transparency: Evidence from a field experiment
ABSTRACT: We examine how firms respond to requests for enhanced disclosure that we make on an online investor platform. Exploiting variation in firms' customer and supplier disclosures, we ask a randomized set of non-disclosing firms to provide information on their customers' and suppliers' identities. We find that the firms' probability of disclosure depends on the basis we give for the demand-requests appealing to disclosure's usefulness to investors lead to more frequent disclosure, while those appealing to regulators' preference for disclosure lead to less frequent disclosure. The requests we make on the platform lead to more frequent customer- and supplier-related inquiries from other platform users. We also find that the treatment firms' disclosure of customer and supplier information improves in the next period's regulatory filings. The findings suggest that investor platforms can enhance corporate transparency by increasing retail investors' ability to demand information.
呼吁透明度:来自田野实验的证据
摘要:本文深入研究了企业如何应对通过在线投资者平台提出的增加披露信息的要求。利用公司间客户和供应商信息披露的差异,本文随机挑选了一组未披露信息的企业,并请求他们提供其客户及供应商身份的具体信息。研究发现,这些企业披露信息的概率与作者提出要求时所依据的理由紧密相关。具体地,当作者的请求强调披露对投资者的实际用途时,企业披露信息的频率更高;而当作者的请求倾向于体现监管机构对披露的偏好时,企业披露的频率相对较低。平台上的这些请求还引发了其他用户对客户和供应商信息的更多关注和询问。此外,本文也注意到,参与研究的企业在随后的监管文件提交中,其客户和供应商信息的披露质量有所提升。这一结果表明,投资者平台能够通过提升散户投资者索取信息的能力,增强企业的透明度。
亮点:(1)本研究丰富了在线平台在企业信息披露中重要性的文献。本文探讨了投资者是否可以利用在线平台来监控企业,企业是否对平台上的投资者做出有意义的回应,以及投资者如何引导企业做出更有意义的反馈。(2)本研究扩展了关于外部监控如何塑造企业披露的文献。与以往侧重于机构投资者、财务分析师、外部审计、同行企业和非政府组织等不同外部方的研究不同,本研究重点是散户投资者的监控作用。(3)本研究还丰富了披露决定因素的文献。本文不仅关注散户投资者在促进透明度方面的作用,还测试了不同类型的请求如何影响企业的响应性。研究发现,强调披露对投资者的实际用途比强调监管者对透明度的偏好有更强的效果。
03
原文:Wong T J, Zhang S, Zhang T. Do firms respond to calls for environmental improvements made by retail investors?[J]. 2024.
Do firms respond to calls for environmental improvements made by retail investors?
ABSTRACT: Retail investors have become more vocal in pressuring firms to improve their environmental performance, yet little is known about whether and when firms respond to these pressures. We conduct a field experiment on investor online platforms where we inject investor pressure by posting requests for environmental improvement among firms found in violation of pollution standards in China. We find that retail investor pressure can reduce the likelihood of subsequent violations by 4.2%. Amplifying the publicity of the appeal through social media leads to the greatest reduction in subsequent violations, but calling for more disclosure has no incremental effect on violation rates. We find significant within-firm spillover effects to other establishments. The findings suggest that retail investor pressure can lead to improvements in environmental performance by changing firms’ perception of investors’ demand for such performance.
企业是否响应散户投资者提出的改善环境的呼吁?
摘要:散户投资者在向企业施压以改善其环境绩效方面变得更加直言不讳,但人们对企业是否以及何时应对这些压力知之甚少。本文在投资者在线平台上进行了一项实地实验,通过在中国被发现违反污染标准的公司中发布环境改善请求,向投资者施加压力。本文发现,散户投资者的压力可以使后续违规行为减少4.2%。通过社交媒体加大呼吁的宣传力度,可以最大限度地减少随后的违规行为,但呼吁更多的披露对违规率没有增量影响。本文发现,企业内部对其他企业和其他污染源的溢出效应显著。研究结果表明,散户投资者的压力可以通过改变企业对投资者对环境绩效需求的看法来改善环境绩效。
亮点:(1)本研究丰富了投资者压力如何促使企业改善环境绩效的文献。与以往研究主要关注机构投资者的作用不同,本文的研究揭示了散户投资者在推动企业减少污染违规方面的直接影响。(2)本研究丰富了散户投资者相关文献,特别是探讨了企业如何响应散户投资者的需求。通过实验设置,本文控制了选择效应,更好地理解了散户投资者在改变企业行为方面的有效性。研究发现,当散户投资者的需求通过社交媒体等公共渠道传播时,企业更有可能做出响应。(3)本研究丰富了中国环境披露和绩效相关的文献。本文扩展了He等(2020)和 Barwick等(2019)研究中关于中国自上而下空气污染监测和披露系统的影响,以及Chen 等(2018)关于中国上市公司强制性CSR披露对水污染和空气污染减少的影响。本文的研究进一步探索了自下而上的监督渠道,发现散户投资者可以通过在线平台直接对企业施加压力,从而促进其环境绩效的提升。
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总编:游家兴
解析:秦利宾
审校:伟丽斯 黎俞宏
编辑:潘芳妍