酯基还能直接还原为醚!太方便了!
文摘
科学
2024-12-11 07:35
四川
点击上方蓝色文字进行关注酯基在有机合成化学中是一个非常常见的官能团,可以转化为多种基团,如还原为醛、醇等,而直接还原为醚的例子则相当少,但是,醚键在潜在药物分子中还是较为普遍地存在,因此,是否有较为通用的合成方法呢?本期小编将要给大家介绍一种:以三氯化铟为催化剂,配合三乙基硅氢,在氯仿中加热即可高效完成酯基到醚的转化合成。氯仿,苯和甲苯是该反应比较好的溶剂;四氢呋喃和乙腈作溶剂,反应无法顺利进行;使用其它抗衡离子的铟盐,反应的几乎不发生;除了三乙基硅氢以外,二甲基苯基硅氢也能高效完成转化。
不同长度烷基链的酯都能顺利地还原为醚(entry 1, 2, 4-8),芳环上的硝基和溴在该条件下也是可以完整保留的(entry 3 & 8);芳香羧酸酯则反应较差(entry 9);线性的乙酸酯和支链的乙酸酯也都能顺利还原为相应的醚(entry 10-12);环状内酯还原为醚的产率也相当不错(entry 14-15)。
此外,苄醇和烯丙醇衍生的酯基,则主要发生脱OAc反应(下图),大家在使用该方法时需要留意。
在该反应中加入自由基捕获剂TEMPO,反应被完全抑制,表面反应主要经历一个自由基过程。作者提出了以下催化循环,主要涉及一个铟自由基中间体。To a freshly distilled CHCl3 solution (0.6 mL) in a screw-capped vial under N2 atmosphere were added successively ester 1 (0.6 mmol), InBr3 (10.6 mg, 0.0300 mmol), and Et3SiH (380 uL, 2.40 mmol), and the vial was sealed with a cap containing a PTFE septum. During the stirring of the reaction mixture at 60 °C (bath temperature), the solution turned from colorless to yellow, then to orange. The reaction was monitored by GC analysis until consumption of the starting ester. After the reaction, H2O (3 mL) was added, and the resulting orange suspension was stirred continuously until the disappearance of the color. The aqueous layer was extracted with CH2Cl2 (15 mL), the combined organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and then evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography (SiO2/hexane:AcOEt ) 99:1) to give the corresponding ether 2. 点了在看的人都很有趣~