中国非遗文化系列短片 Chinese Living Heritage

方寸之间，严丝合缝，阴阳相合。几个世纪以来，榫卯结构一直为中国木质建筑提供坚固耐用的支撑。对于保护和守护这一遗产的匠人们和在中国各地那些世世代代生活在木结构建筑空间中的老百姓来说，木材和木结构一直都是中国建筑的重要组成部分。传统木结构建筑各式各样，却万变不离其宗。中国人道法自然、和合共生的长久追求，同样蕴藏在这一抹木香之中了。

Tight as a thread, seamless as a seal, and coupled like yin and yang. For centuries, sunmao structures have been providing sturdy and durable supports for Chinese wooden architecture. Large components of traditional Chinese wooden architecture, including columns, beams, purlins and dougong (interlocking brackets), are often pieced together using sunmao structures. The convex sun (tenon joint) and the concave mao (mortise), when interlocked, both support and contain the adjoining parts. This augments stability, but also adds flexibility to the architecture, strong enough to resist earthquakes. Craftsmen can make and process the components in advance and assemble them quickly on site, which is simple and efficient.

质地绵韧，墨韵万变，不蛀不腐，正因如此，宣纸享有“千年寿纸”的美誉。“宣纸”一词最早出现在唐代学者张彦远所著的绘画通史《历代名画记》中他将宣纸描述为书法和绘画的理想载体。宣纸产于中国东部安徽省泾县，曾以卓越的手工制作品质名列朝廷贡品。

Smooth yet tensile. Versatile and durable. With these qualities, Xuan paper is known as the "Paper of Ages". The term Xuan paper first appeared in On Famous Paintings through the Ages, a book written by Tang Dynasty (618-907) scholar Zhang Yanyuan, in which he described Xuan paper as an ideal carrier for calligraphy and painting. Handmade Xuan paper from Jingxian county, East China's Anhui province, was listed as a tribute to the imperial court for its supreme quality during the period.

曲调柔美、唱腔细腻、情节感伤——这些浪漫的特点使昆曲成为最受欢迎的中国戏曲艺术之一。昆曲代表作《牡丹亭》的作者汤显祖，常被人与莎士比亚相提并论，《牡丹亭》至今深受世界各地观众的喜爱。本期《节日里的非遗》带您一起了解世界非物质文化遗产——昆曲。

Melodious, exquisite and sentimental. These romantic features make Kunqu Opera one of the most loved art forms in China. As an authentic embodiment of Chinese culture, stories performed in Kunqu Opera have transcended time and space. The Peony Pavilion, written by playwright Tang Xianzu, who is often compared to Shakespeare, is still loved by fans from around the world.

太极拳练时行云流水、战时快如闪电。它不同于其他对抗性功夫，更注重内功修炼。你知道太极阴阳八卦图跟二十四节气有什么关系吗？

The fluid combination of slow, graceful movements and lightning-quick strikes easily sets taijiquan apart from other martial arts. From these astronomical observations sprung many important aspects of the traditional Chinese calendar, such as holidays, seasonal divisions, the zodiac and the 24 solar terms.

余音绕梁，节奏自由，传递温柔的情感，这就是古琴的音乐语言，它是古时中国创造的七弦弹拨乐器。考古发现最早的古琴，是2016年在湖北出土的古琴，可追溯自周朝。古琴在古代中国备受文人雅士喜爱。春秋时期的伯牙和子期“高山流水觅知音”的故事，成为千古流传的佳话美谈。

Wandering sounds, irregular rhythms and a carrier of gentle emotions. This is the musical language of guqin, a plucked seven string instrument created in ancient China. The guqin was favored by the literati in ancient China. The most renowned guqin musician was Yu Boya in the Spring and Autumn (770-476 BC) and Warring States (475-221 BC) periods. As he played his guqin in the mountains, a woodcutter named Zhong Ziqi heard the music and understood exactly what Yu wanted to express. This deep understanding formed a strong bond between them, and they became close friends. This is the famous tale behind the guqin masterpiece, Flowing Water, High Mountains. The piece has been passed down through generations and is considered one of the most famous and important compositions in Chinese guqin music.

中国雕版印刷术肇始于唐，发展于宋，盛于明清，是运河⽂化和商业都市⽂化结合的产物。雕版印刷术凝聚着中国造纸术、制墨术、雕刻术、摹拓术等⼏种古⽼的传统⼯艺，被称为印刷史上的“活化⽯”。

Delicate strokes, carved onto wood, with ultimate precision. This is woodblock printing, an ancient printing technique that propelled human civilization. Traditional woodblock printing can be divided into four major steps: writing, engraving, printing, and binding. 

在中国艺术家的手中，最细小的丝线可以编织出无限可能的图案，最柔软的材料可以流传千年。作为中国古代的奇迹之一，丝绸不仅仅是一种纺织品，它是一种文化象征，是优雅和风度的体现。

Delicate, lustrous, and soft to the touch. The ethereal fabric that we now call silk has threaded its way throughout China's history. In the hands of Chinese artists, the thinnest threads can weave pictures of immense possibilities, and the softest material can traverse thousands of years. As one of the many marvels of ancient China, silk is not merely a type of textile. It is a cultural icon, and an embodiment of elegance and grace.

精雕细琢，玲珑剔透。土与火的交融，孕育出新生的陶瓷。自夏商时期起，中国各地的窑火就一直燃烧着，经历千年的历史变迁和世代传承，从未熄灭。自唐代开始，中国瓷器便开始通过世界各地的商人，经海上丝绸之路，远销海外，与茶叶、丝绸一起组成了中国外贸三大支柱商品。 

Fine, crisp and translucent. Many years ago, a dance between clay and fire gave rise to a tangible piece of art: porcelain. Flames in kilns around China have been burning since the Xia and Shang dynasties (c. 21st century-11th century BC). Along the way, porcelain was born. Porcelain has also been a carrier for cultural exchanges. Along with China's silk and tea, porcelain was one of the first commodities to receive worldwide trade.

灯会，是中国一种古老的民俗文化，极具传统性和地方特色。春节前后至元宵节期间，全国各地都会举行灯会。上海豫园灯会、南京秦淮灯会和自贡灯会是中国著名的灯会。彩灯是国家级非物质文化遗产，近年来已走出国门，成为一张惊艳世界的中国文化名片。

Chinese people have appreciated the beauty of lanterns for years. Like a beacon that lights up the way home, it is customary to admire the charm of lanterns during Lantern Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, two festivals that celebrate reunion. Lantern shows are held throughout the country on such occasions. Yuyuan Lantern Show in Shanghai and Qinhuai Lantern Show in Nanjing, East China's Jiangsu province, are two notable shows. The dexterous hands of Zigong craftsmen have also taken this national intangible heritage abroad.

一把剪刀，一张纸和一双灵巧的手，这就是创作精美剪纸作品的全部要素。从春节十二生肖、窗花，到历史、神话故事，它蕴含着深厚的文化价值、美学理念以及传统哲学。2009年，中国剪纸入选联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。

A pair of scissors, a piece of paper, and a pair of dexterous hands. That's all that's needed to create delicate works of paper-cuttings. Patterns of whichever of the 12 Chinese zodiac animals the new year ushers forth, as well as festive scenes of family reunions and temple fairs, are still lighting up Chinese homes today. In 2009, Chinese paper-cutting was included in the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.