摘要
脑卒中是全球致残和致死的主要疾病之一,其中急性缺血性卒中(AIS)的占比约80%[1]。治疗关键在于及时开通闭塞血管,最大程度挽救缺血半暗带,减少脑组织的进一步损伤。机械取栓(MT)是大血管闭塞性急性缺血性卒中(LVO-AIS)的重要治疗方法,为LVO-AIS患者带来明确获益[2]。然而患者在围手术期可能发生一系列取栓相关并发症,如出血转化、新发远端栓塞、再闭塞、血管夹层、血管穿孔、血管痉挛以及通路部位并发症等[2-3]。因此,及时发现并针对并发症进行治疗,有利于改善取栓患者预后。
[1]GBD 2019 Stroke Collaborators.Global,regional,and national burden of stroke and its risk factors,1990-2019:a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019[J].Lancet Neurol,2021,20(10):795-820.
[2]霍晓川,高峰.急性缺血性卒中血管内治疗中国指南2023[J].中国卒中杂志,2023,18(6):684-711.
[3]Pilgram-Pastor SM,Piechowiak EI,Dobrocky T,et al.Stroke thrombectomy complication management[J].J Neurointerv Surg,2021,13(10):912-917.
[4]von Kummer R,Broderick JP,Campbell BCV,et al.The Heidelberg Bleeding Classification:Classification of Bleeding Events After Ischemic Stroke and Reperfusion Therapy[J].Stroke,2015,46(10):2981-2986.
[5]Zi W,Qiu Z,Li F,et al.Effect of Endovascular Treatment Alone vs Intravenous Alteplase Plus Endovascular Treatment on Functional Independence in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke:The DEVT Randomized Clinical Trial[J].JAMA,2021,325(3):234-243.
[6]He J,Fu F,Zhang W,et al.Prognostic significance of the clinical and radiological haemorrhagic transformation subtypes in acute ischaemic stroke:A systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Eur J Neurol,2022,29(11):3449-3459.
[7]Constant Dit Beaufils P,Preterre C,De Gaalon S,et al.Prognosis and risk factors associated with asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage after endovascular treatment of large vessel occlusion stroke:a prospective multicenter cohort study[J].Eur J Neurol,2021,28(1):229-237.
[8]Dong S,Yu C,Wu Q,et al.Predictors of Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage after Endovascular Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis[J].Cerebrovasc Dis,2023,52(4):363-375.
[9]Brouwer J,Smaal JA,Emmer BJ,et al.Endovascular Thrombectomy in Young Patients With Stroke:A MR CLEAN Registry Study[J].Stroke,2022,53(1):34-42.
[10]Anadani M,Orabi MY,Alawieh A,et al.Blood Pressure and Outcome After Mechanical Thrombectomy With Successful Revascularization[J].Stroke,2019,50(9):2448-2454.
[11]Matusevicius M,Cooray C,Bottai M,et al.Blood Pressure After Endovascular Thrombectomy:Modeling for Outcomes Based on Recanalization Status[J].Stroke,2020,51(2):519-525.
[12]Yang P,Song L,Zhang Y,et al.Intensive blood pressure control after endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischaemic stroke(ENCHANTED2/MT):a multicentre,open-label,blinded-endpoint,randomised controlled trial[J].Lancet,2022,400(10363):1585-1596.
[13]中华医学会神经病学分会,中华医学会神经病学分会脑血管病学组,中华医学会神经病学分会神经血管介入协作组.中国急性缺血性卒中早期血管内介入诊疗指南2022[J].中华神经科杂志,2022,55(6):565-580.
[14]中国研究型医院学会介入神经病学专业委员会.中国急性大动脉闭塞性卒中介入治疗技术策略专家共识[J].中华内科杂志,2023,62(8):931-938.
[15]Cao R,Ye G,Lu Y,et al.The Predictive Value of Cerebral Veins on Hemorrhagic Transformation After Endovascular Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients:Enhanced Insights From Venous Collateral Circulation Analysis Using Four-Dimensional CTA[J].Acad Radiol,2024,31(3):1024-1035.
[16]Hall E,Ullberg T,Andsberg G,et al.Incidence of intracranial hemorrhagic complications after anterior circulation endovascular thrombectomy in relation to occlusion site:a nationwide observational register study[J].J Neurointerv Surg,2023.[Online ahead of print]
[17]Benalia VH,Aghaebrahim A,Cortez GM,et al.Evaluation of pure subarachnoid hemorrhage after mechanical thrombectomy in a series of 781 consecutive patients[J].Interv Neuroradiol,2023:15910199231163046.
[18]Beyeler M,Weber L,Kurmann CC,et al.Association of reperfusion success and emboli in new territories with long term mortality after mechanical thrombectomy[J].J Neurointerv Surg,2022,14(4):326-332.
[19]Bala F,Kappelhof M,Ospel JM,et al.Distal Embolization in Relation to Radiological Thrombus Characteristics,Treatment Details,and Functional Outcome[J].Stroke,2023,54(2):448-456.
[20]Pilato F,Valente I,Calandrelli R,et al.Clot evaluation and distal embolization risk during mechanical thrombectomy in anterior circulation stroke[J].J Neurol Sci,2022,432:120087.
[21]Kaesmacher J,Kurmann C,Jungi N,et al.Infarct in new territory after endovascular stroke treatment:A diffusion-weighted imaging study[J].Sci Rep,2020,10(1):8366.
[22]Wong GJ,Yoo B,Liebeskind D,et al.Frequency,Determinants,and Outcomes of Emboli to Distal and New Territories Related to Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke[J].Stroke,2021,52(7):2241-2249.
[23]Singh N,Cimflova P,Ospel JM,et al.Infarcts in a New Territory:Insights From the ESCAPE-NA1 Trial[J].Stroke,2023,54(6):1477-1483.
[24]Li J,Tiberi R,Canals P,et al.Double stent-retriever as the first-line approach in mechanical thrombectomy:a randomized in vitro evaluation[J].J Neurointerv Surg,2023,15(12):1224-1228.
[25]Li J,Tiberi R,Bhogal P,et al.Impact of stent-retriever tip design on distal embolization during mechanical thrombectomy:a randomized in vitro evaluation[J].J Neurointerv Surg,2024,16(3):285-289.
[26]Kurisu K,Sakurai J,Wada H,et al.ADAPT First-Line Strategy for MCA Mainstem Occlusion;Analysis for Optimal Salvage Therapy and its Related Factor[J].J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis,2021,30(11):106070.
[27]Pederson JM,Reierson NL,Hardy N,et al.Comparison of Balloon Guide Catheters and Standard Guide Catheters for Acute Ischemic Stroke:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis[J].World Neurosurg,2021,154:144-153.e21.
[28]Oliveira R,Correia MA,Marto JP,et al.Reocclusion after successful endovascular treatment in acute ischemic stroke:systematic review and meta-analysis[J].J Neurointerv Surg,2023,15(10):964-970.
[29]Dhoisne M,Puy L,Bretzner M,et al.Early reocclusion after successful mechanical thrombectomy for large artery occlusion-related stroke[J].Int J Stroke,2023,18(6):712-719.
[30]Li W,Ding J,Sui X,et al.Prognosis and risk factors for reocclusion after mechanical thrombectomy[J].Ann Clin Transl Neurol,2020,7(4):420-428.
[31]Tsang ACO,Orru E,Klostranec JM,et al.Thrombectomy Outcomes of Intracranial Atherosclerosis-Related Occlusions[J].Stroke,2019,50(6):1460-1466.
[32]Marto JP,Strambo D,Hajdu SD,et al.Twenty-Four-Hour Reocclusion After Successful Mechanical Thrombectomy:Associated Factors and Long-Term Prognosis[J].Stroke,2019,50(10):2960-2963.
[33]Delvoye F,Loyau S,Labreuche J,et al.Intravenous abciximab as a rescue therapy for immediate reocclusion after successful mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke patients[J].Platelets,2022,33(2):285-290.
[34]Sarraj A,Hassan AE,Abraham MG,et al.Trial of Endovascular Thrombectomy for Large Ischemic Strokes[J].N Engl J Med,2023,388(14):1259-1271.
[35]Happi Ngankou E,Gory B,Marnat G,et al.Thrombectomy Complications in Large Vessel Occlusions:Incidence,Predictors,and Clinical Impact in the ETIS Registry[J].Stroke,2021,52(12):e764-e768.
[36]Jesser J,Awounvo S,Vey JA,et al.Prediction and outcomes of cerebral vasospasm in ischemic stroke patients receiving anterior circulation endovascular stroke treatment[J].Eur Stroke J,2023,8(3):684-691.
[37]Yoo J,Lee SJ,Hong JH,et al.Immediate effects of first-line thrombectomy devices for intracranial atherosclerosis-related occlusion:stent retriever versus contact aspiration[J].BMC Neurol,2020,20(1):283.
[38]Hofmeister J,Brina O,Bernava G,et al.Double stent-retriever technique for mechanical thrombectomy:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].AJNR Am J Neuroradiol,2024.[Online ahead of print]
[39]Goeggel Simonetti B,Hulliger J,Mathier E,et al.Iatrogenic Vessel Dissection in Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke[J].Clin Neuroradiol,2019,29(1):143-151.
[40]van der Sluijs PM,Su R,Cornelissen SAP,et al.Clinical consequence of vessel perforations during endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke[J].Neuroradiology,2024,66(2):237-247.
[41]Wang C,Shi M,Li C,et al.Rescue Strategy for Hemorrhagic Complication During Mechanical Thrombectomy and the Clinical Outcome[J].J Endovasc Ther,2023.[Online ahead of print]
[42]Dmytriw AA,Musmar B,Salim H,et al.Incidence and clinical outcomes of perforations during mechanical thrombectomy for medium vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke:A retrospective,multicenter,and multinational study[J].Eur Stroke J,2024.[Online ahead of print]
[43]Schulze-Zachau V,Brehm A,Ntoulias N,et al.Incidence and outcome of perforations during medium vessel occlusion compared with large vessel occlusion thrombectomy[J].J Neurointerv Surg,2023.[Online ahead of print]
[44]Mokin M,Fargen KM,Primiani CT,et al.Vessel perforation during stent retriever thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke:technical details and clinical outcomes[J].J Neurointerv Surg,2017,9(10):922-928.
[45]Yi T,Chen W,Wu Y,et al.Intra-Arterial Injection of Thrombin as Rescue Therapy of Vessel Perforation during Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke[J].Brain Sci,2022,12(6):760.
[46]Kang JY,Yi KS,Cha SH,et al.Gelfoam embolization for distal,medium vessel injury during mechanical thrombectomy in acute stroke:A case report[J].World J Clin Cases,2021,9(20):5668-5674.
[47]Matsunaga Y,Morofuji Y,Horie N.Delayed Vasospasm Associated with Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke[J].World Neurosurg,2020,138:197-199.
[48]Uchikawa H,Kuroiwa T,Nishio A,et al.Vasospasm as a major complication after acute mechanical thrombectomy with stent retrievers[J].J Clin Neurosci,2019,64:163-168.
[49]Jesser J,Nguyen T,Dmytriw AA,et al.Treatment practice of vasospasm during endovascular thrombectomy:an international survey[J].Stroke Vasc Neurol,2023.[Online ahead of print]
[50]Brenna CTA,Ku JC,Pasarikovski CR,et al.Access-site complications in ultrasound-guided endovascular thrombectomy:a single-institution retrospective cohort study[J].Neurosurg Focus,2021,51(1):E3.
[51]Oneissi M,Sweid A,Tjoumakaris S,et al.Access-Site Complications in Transfemoral Neuroendovascular Procedures:A Systematic Review of Incidence Rates and Management Strategies[J].Oper Neurosurg(Hagerstown),2020,19(4):353-363.
[52]El Naamani K,Khanna O,Mastorakos P,et al.Predictors of Transfemoral Access Site Complications in Neuroendovascular Procedures:A large Single-Center Cohort Study[J].Clin Neurol Neurosurg,2023,233:107916.
[53]Imahori T,Okamura Y,Sakata J,et al.Delayed Rebleeding from Pseudoaneurysm After Mechanical Thrombectomy Using Stent Retriever Due to Small Artery Avulsion Confirmed by Open Surgery[J].World Neurosurg,2020,133:150-154.
[54]Khanna O,Velagapudi L,Das S,et al.A comparison of radial versus femoral artery access for acute stroke interventions[J].J Neurosurg,2020,135(3):727-732.
[55]Hernandez D,Requena M,Olivé-Gadea M,et al.Radial Versus Femoral Access for Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients With Stroke:A Noninferiority Randomized Clinical Trial[J].Stroke,2024,55(4):840-848.
[56]Chu YT,Lee KP,Chen CH,et al.Contrast-Induced Encephalopathy After Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke[J].Stroke,2020,51(12):3756-3759.
[57]Maclean MA,Rogers PS,Muradov JH,et al.Contrast-Induced Encephalopathy and the Blood-Brain Barrier[J].Can J Neurol Sci,2024:1-10.
[58]Oliveira M,Rocha A,Barbosa F,et al.Acute kidney injury after endovascular therapy in acute stroke patients:systematic review with meta-analysis[J].J Neurointerv Surg,2023,15(e3):e468-e474.
[59]Wrona P,Sawczyńska K,Wróbel D,et al.Risk factors of acute kidney injury during hospitalization in acute ischaemic stroke patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy[J].Postepy Kardiol Interwencyjnej,2024,20(1):89-94.