摘要
NCCM的发病机制尚未明确,诊断标准尚未统一,治疗方案以对症治疗为主,需改善诊断成像手段,形成诊断共识,以选择出需要进一步治疗的患者。未来仍需进一步探索遗传学机制及心肌细胞的超微结构特征,以发现靶向药物,制定针对性治疗方案,进而改善NCCM患者预后。
[1]Engberding R,Bender F.Identification of a rare congenital anomaly of the myocardium by two-dimensional echocardiography:persistence of isolated myocardial sinusoids[J].Am J Cardiol,1984,53(11):1733-1734.
[2]Chin TK,Perloff JK,Williams RG,et al.Isolated noncompaction of left ventricular myocardium.A study of eight cases[J].Circulation,1990,82(2):507-513.
[3]Finsterer J,Stöllberger C,Towbin JA.Left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy:cardiac,neuromuscular,and genetic factors[J].Nat Rev Cardiol,2017,14(4):224-237.
[4]Petersen SE,Jensen B,Aung N,et al.Excessive Trabeculation of theLeft Ventricle:JACC:Cardiovascular Imaging Expert Panel Paper[J].JACC Cardiovasc Imaging,2023,16(3):408-425.
[5]Charron P,Elliott PM,Gimeno JR,et al.The Cardiomyopathy Registry of the EUR Observational Research Programme of the European Society of Cardiology:baseline data and contemporary management of adult patients with cardiomyopathies[J].Eur Heart J,2018,39(20):1784-1793.
[6]Seyler C,Meder B,Weis T,et al.TranslatiOnal Registry for CardiomyopatHies(TORCH)-rationale and first results[J].ESC Heart Fail,2017,4(3):209-215.
[7]Sandhu R,Finkelhor RS,Gunawardena DR,et al.Prevalence and characteristics of left ventricular noncompaction in a community hospital cohort of patients with systolic dysfunction[J].Echocardiography,2008,25(1):8-12.
[8]Ross SB,Jones K,Blanch B,et al.A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of left ventricular non-compaction in adults[J].Eur Heart J,2020,41(14):1428-1436.
[9]Hussein A,Karimianpour A,Collier P,et al.Isolated Noncompaction of the Left Ventricle in Adults[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2015,66(5):578-585.
[10]Jensen B,Van Der Wal AC,Moorman AFM,et al.Excessive trabeculations in noncompaction do not have the embryonic identity[J].Int J Cardiol,2017,227:325-330.
[11]张琪,洪楠超,王静,等.心肌致密化不全的分子遗传学机制研究进展[J].中国心血管杂志,2022,27(1):85-89.
[12]Myasnikov RP,Kulikova OV,Meshkov AN,et al.A Splice Variant of the MYH7 Gene Is Causative in a Family with Isolated Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy[J].Genes(Basel),2022,13(10):1750.
[13]Sun B,Rouzbehani OMT,Kramer RJ,et al.Nonsense Variant PRDM16-Q187X Causes Impaired Myocardial Development and TGF-β Signaling Resulting in Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy in Humans and Mice[J].Circ Heart Fail,2023,16(12):e010351.
[14]Duvekot JC,Baas AF,Volker-Touw CML,et al.Early Lethal Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy in Siblings With Compound Heterozygous RYR2 Variant[J].Can J Cardiol,2021,37(11):1864-1866.
[15]Freedom RM,Yoo SJ,Perrin D,et al.The morphological spectrum of ventricular noncompaction[J].Cardiol Young,2005,15(4):345-364.
[16]Finsterer J,Stöllberger C.Ultrastructural findings in noncompaction prevail with neuromuscular disorders[J].Cardiology,2013,126(4):219-223.
[17]Cerar A,Jaklic M,Frljak S,et al.Impairment of myocardial perfusion correlates with heart failure severity in patients with non-compaction cardiomyopathy[J].ESC Heart Fail,2020,7(3):1161-1167.
[18]Bhatia NL,Tajik AJ,Wilansky S,et al.Isolated noncompaction of the left ventricular myocardium in adults:a systematic overview[J].J Card Fail,2011,17(9):771-778.
[19]Miyake CY,Kim JJ.Arrhythmias in left ventricular noncompaction[J].Card Electrophysiol Clin,2015,7(2):319-330.
[20]Gerecke B,Engberding R.[Isolated noncompaction cardiomyopathy with special emphasis on arrhythmia complications][J].Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol,2012,23(3):201-210.
[21]Chimenti C,Lavalle C,Magnocavallo M,et al.A proposed strategy for anticoagulation therapy in noncompaction cardiomyopathy[J].ESC Heart Fail,2022,9(1):241-250.
[22]Jenni R,Oechslin EN,Van Der Loo B.Isolated ventricular non-compaction of the myocardium in adults[J].Heart,2007,93(1):11-15.
[23]Paterick TE,Umland MM,Jan MF,et al.Left ventricular noncompaction:a 25-year odyssey[J].J Am Soc Echocardiogr,2012,25(4):363-375.
[24]Gebhard C,Stähli BE,Greutmann M,et al.Reduced left ventricular compacta thickness:a novel echocardiographic criterion for non-compaction cardiomyopathy[J].J Am Soc Echocardiogr,2012,25(10):1050-1057.
[25]Gerecke BJ,Engberding R.Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy-History and Current Knowledge for Clinical Practice[J].J Clin Med,2021,10(11):2457.
[26]Petersen SE,Selvanayagam JB,Wiesmann F,et al.Left ventricular non-compaction:insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2005,46(1):101-105.
[27]Jacquier A,Thuny F,Jop B,et al.Measurement of trabeculated left ventricular mass using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of left ventricular non-compaction[J].Eur Heart J,2010,31(9):1098-1104.
[28]Grothoff M,Pachowsky M,Hoffmann J,et al.Value of cardiovascular MR in diagnosing left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy and in discriminating between other cardiomyopathies[J].Eur Radiol,2012,22(12):2699-2709.
[29]Zemrak F,Ahlman MA,Captur G,et al.The relationship of left ventricular trabeculation to ventricular function and structure over a 9.5-year follow-up:the MESA study [J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2014,64(19):1971-1980.
[30]Andreini D,Pontone G,Bogaert J,et al.Long-Term Prognostic Value ofCardiac Magnetic Resonance in Left Ventricle Noncompaction:A Prospective Multicenter Study[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2016,68(20):2166-2181.
[31]Diwadkar S,Nallamshetty L,Rojas C,et al.Echocardiography fails to detect left ventricular noncompaction in a cohort of patients with noncompaction on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging[J].Clin Cardiol,2017,40(6):364-369.
[32]Steffel J,Duru F.Rhythm disorders in isolated left ventricular noncompaction[J].Ann Med,2012,44(2):101-108.
[33]Cetin MS,Ozcan Cetin EH,Canpolat U,et al.Usefulness of Fragmented QRS Complex to Predict Arrhythmic Events and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients With Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy[J].Am J Cardiol,2016,117(9):1516-1523.
[34]Piekutowska-Abramczuk D,Paszkowska A,Ciara E,et al.Genetic Profile of Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy in Children-A Single Reference Center Experience[J].Genes(Basel),2022,13(8):1334.
[35]Mcdonagh TA,Metra M,Adamo M,et al.2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure[J].Eur Heart J,2021,42(36):3599-3726.
[36]中华医学会心血管病学分会,中国医师协会心血管内科医师分会,中国医师协会心力衰竭专业委员会,等.中国心力衰竭诊断和治疗指南2024[J].中华心血管病杂志,2024,52(3):235-275.
[37]Stöllberger C,Blazek G,Bucher E,et al.Cardiac resynchronization therapy in left ventricular hypertrabeculation/non-compaction andmyopathy[J].Europace,2008,10(1):59-62.
[38]Al-Kindi SG,El-Amm C,Ginwalla M,et al.Heart transplant outcomes in patients with left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy[J].J Heart Lung Transplant,2015,34(6):761-765.
[39]Balsara KR,Bierhals A,Vader J,et al.Implantation of left ventricular assist device in a patient with left ventricular non-compaction[J].J Card Surg,2017,32(2):159-161.
[40]Caliskan K,Szili-Torok T,Theuns DA,et al.Indications and outcome of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators for primary and secondary prophylaxis in patients with noncompaction cardiomyopathy[J].J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol,2011,22(8):898-904.
[41]Tukker M,Schinkel AFL,Dereci A,et al.Clinical outcomes of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy in noncompaction cardiomyopathy:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Heart Fail Rev,2023,28(1):241-248.
[42]Sohns C,Ouyang F,Volkmer M,et al.Therapy of ventricular arrhythmias in patients suffering from isolated left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy[J].Europace,2019,21(6):961-969.
[43]Oechslin EN,Attenhofer Jost CH,Rojas JR,et al.Long-term follow-up of 34 adults with isolated left ventricular noncompaction:a distinct cardiomyopathy with poor prognosis[J].J Am Coll Cardiol,2000,36(2):493-500.
[44]Filho DCS,Do Rêgo Aquino PL,De Souza Silva G,et al.Left Ventricular Noncompaction:New Insights into a Poorly Understood Disease[J].Curr Cardiol Rev,2021,17(2):209-216.
[45]Stöllberger C,Wegner C,Finsterer J.CHADS2 and CHA2DS2VASc scores and embolic risk in left ventricular hypertrabeculation/noncompaction[J].J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis,2013,22(6):709-712.
[46]Fleddermann AM,Hayes CH,Magalski A,et al.Efficacy of Direct Acting Oral Anticoagulants in Treatment of Left Ventricular Thrombus[J].Am J Cardiol,2019,124(3):367-372.
[47]Vaidya VR,Lyle M,Miranda WR,et al.Long-Term Survival of Patients With Left Ventricular Noncompaction[J].J Am Heart Assoc,2021,10(2):e015563.
[48]Asfalou I,Boulaamayl S,Raissouni M,et al.Left ventricular noncompaction-A rare form of cardiomyopathy:Revelation modes and predictors of mortality in adults through 23 cases[J].J Saudi Heart Assoc,2017,29(2):102-109.
[49]Lofiego C,Biagini E,Ferlito M,et al.Paradoxical contributions of non-compacted and compacted segments to global left ventricular dysfunction in isolated left ventricular noncompaction[J].Am J Cardiol,2006,97(5):738-741.
[50]Thuny F,Jacquier A,Jop B,et al.Assessment of left ventricular non-compaction in adults:side-by-side comparison of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with echocardiography[J].Arch Cardiovasc Dis,2010,103(3):150-159.