摘要
血压异常(包括高血压和血压变异性)是脑衰老相关的小血管病及其相关认知障碍的主要危险因素,尤其在老年人群中,长期的血压异常可导致脑血管损伤和认知功能下降。本文综述了血压异常引起的脑小血管病(CSVD)相关认知障碍的最新研究进展,涵盖白质损伤、皮层下灰质损害、脑网络连接改变、神经炎症和脑类淋巴系统等病理机制,并探讨了中西医结合治疗在改善认知功能和减缓CSVD进展中的潜力。中西医结合治疗和综合干预措施具有积极效果,未来需通过大规模随机对照试验进一步验证其有效性与安全性,以推动个体化治疗方案的制定。
参考文献 (请在框内滑动浏览)
[1]Wardlaw JM,Smith EE,Biessels GJ,et al.Neuroimaging standards for research into small vessel disease and its contribution to ageing and neurodegeneration[J].Lancet Neurol,2013,12(8):822-838.
[2]Correction to Lancet Neurol 2023;22:578-90[J].Lancet Neurol,2023,22(9):e10.
[3]陈玮琪,徐佳洁,陆瑶,等.中国脑小血管病的神经影像学诊断标准及名词标准化定义——来自中国卒中学会的专家共识[J].中国卒中杂志,2024,19(4):376-404.
[4]Hannawi Y.Cerebral Small Vessel Disease:a Review of the Pathophysiological Mechanisms[J].Transl Stroke Res,2023.[Online ahead of print]
[5]Ren B,Tan L,Song Y,et al.Cerebral Small Vessel Disease:Neuroimaging Features,Biochemical Markers,Influencing Factors,Pathological Mechanism and Treatment[J].Front Neurol,2022,13:843953.
[6]Shi Y,Wardlaw JM.Update on cerebral small vessel disease:a dynamic whole-brain disease[J].Stroke Vasc Neurol,2016,1(3):83-92.
[7]Sible IJ,Nation DA.24-Hour Blood Pressure Variability Via Ambulatory Monitoring and Risk for Probable Dementia in the SPRINT Trial[J].J Prev Alzheimers Dis,2024,11(3):684-692.
[8]Guo HF,Wu Y,Li J,et al.Analysis of the relationship between blood pressure variability and subtle cognitive decline in older adults[J].World J Psychiatry,2023,13(11):872-883.
[9]Chiu TJ,Yeh JT,Huang CJ,et al.Blood pressure variability and cognitive dysfunction:A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies[J].J Clin Hypertens(Greenwich),2021,23(8):1463-1482.
[10]Yang L,Wu Q,Hao Y,et al.Self-management behavior among patients with diabetic retinopathy in the community:a structural equation model[J].Qual Life Res,2017,26(2):359-366.
[11]Rashid T,Li K,Toledo JB,et al.Association of Intensive vs Standard Blood Pressure Control With Regional Changes in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Biomarkers:Post Hoc Secondary Analysis of the SPRINT MIND Randomized Clinical Trial[J].JAMA Netw Open,2023,6(3):e231055.
[12]Dolui S,Detre JA,Gaussoin SA,et al.Association of Intensive vs Standard Blood Pressure Control With Cerebral Blood Flow:Secondary Analysis of the SPRINT MIND Randomized Clinical Trial[J].JAMA Neurol,2022,79(4):380-389.
[13]Zheng G,Zhou B,Fang Z,et al.Long-Term Visit-to-Visit Blood Pressure Variability and Cognitive Decline Among Patients With Hypertension:A Pooled Analysis of 3 National Prospective Cohorts[J].J Am Heart Assoc,2024,13(13):e35504.
[14]Deasy L,Laurent-Chabalier S,Wacongne A,et al.Diagnostic Accuracy of Posterior/Anterior Periventricular WMH Ratio to Differentiate CAA From Hypertensive Arteriopathy[J].Stroke,2024,55(8):2086-2093.
[15]Ii Y,Ishikawa H,Matsuyama H,et al.Hypertensive Arteriopathy and Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy in Patients with Cognitive Decline and Mixed Cerebral Microbleeds[J].J Alzheimers Dis,2020,78(4):1765-1774.
[16]Charidimou A,Boulouis G,Haley K,et al.White matter hyperintensity patterns in cerebral amyloid angiopathy and hypertensive arteriopathy[J].Neurology,2016,86(6):505-511.
[17]Ye X,Jia Y,Song G,et al.Apolipoprotein E varepsilon2 Is Associated with the White Matter Hyperintensity Multispot Pattern in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage[J].Transl Stroke Res,2024,15(1):101-109.
[18]Mooldijk SS,Ikram MA.Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Population-Based Research:What are We Looking at -and What not?[J].Aging Dis,2024,15(4):1438-1446.
[19]Fiford CM,Sudre CH,Young AL,et al.Presumed small vessel disease,imaging and cognition markers in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative[J].Brain Commun,2021,3(4):fcab226.
[20]Li WP,Sun Y,Yan X,et al.[Correlation between spatial navigation disorder and white matter hyperintensity in patients with mild cognitive impairment][J].Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi,2020,100(33):2607-2611.
[21]Zhang X,Wang Y,Jiao B,et al.Glymphatic system impairment in Alzheimer’s disease:associations with perivascular space volume and cognitive function[J].Eur Radiol,2024,34(2):1314-1323.
[22]Castellani G,Croese T,Peralta RJ,et al.Transforming the understanding of brain immunity[J].Science,2023,380(6640):eabo7649.
[23]Cheng Z,Nie W,Leng J,et al.Amygdala and cognitive impairment in cerebral small vessel disease:structural,functional,and metabolic changes[J].Front Neurol,2024,15:1398009.
[24]Du J,Xu Q.Neuroimaging studies on cognitive impairment due to cerebral small vessel disease[J].Stroke Vasc Neurol,2019,4(2):99-101.
[25]Zhang S,Hu Y,Yang H,et al.Value of white matter hyperintensity volume and total white matter volume for evaluating cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral small-vessel disease[J].Front Aging Neurosci,2023,15:1096808.
[26]Wang X,Wang Y,Gao D,et al.Characterizing the penumbras of white matter hyperintensities in patients with cerebral small vessel disease[J].Jpn J Radiol,2023,41(9):928-937.
[27]Man S,Chen S,Xu Z,et al.Increased Extracellular Water in Normal-Appearing White Matter in Patients with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease[J].J Integr Neurosci,2024,23(2):46.
[28]Rodriguez LF,Toro AR,Pinheiro A,et al.Relation of MRI-Visible Perivascular Spaces and Other MRI Markers of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease[J].Brain Sci,2023,13(9):1323.
[29]Ali HF,Fast L,Khalil A,et al.White matter hyperintensities are an independent predictor of cognitive decline 3 years following first-ever stroke-results from the PROSCIS-B study[J].J Neurol,2023,270(3):1637-1646.
[30]Zhang DD,Cao Y,Mu JY,et al.Inflammatory biomarkers and cerebral small vessel disease:a community-based cohort study[J].Stroke Vasc Neurol,2022,7(4):302-309.
[31]Tao X,Yang C,He J,et al.Serum alkaline phosphatase was independently associated with depression in patients with cerebrovascular disease[J].Front Psychiatry,2023,14:1184673.
[32]Qu P,Cheng K,Gao Q,et al.Application Value of Serum Hcy,TLR4,and CRP in the Diagnosis of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease[J].Evid Based Complement Alternat Med,2022,2022:4025965.
[33]Huang R,Zhang L,Deng L,et al.White matter hyperintensities combined with serum NLRP3 in diagnosis of cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral small vessel disease[J].Scand J Clin Lab Invest,2023,83(7):448-454.
[34]Zhang J,Liu N,Yang C.Effects of rosuvastatin in combination with nimodipine in patients with mild cognitive impairment caused by cerebral small vessel disease[J].Panminerva Med,2019,61(4):439-443.
[35]谢文君,方锐,王珊珊,等.高血压脑小血管病中医证型与靶器官损伤因素的相关性分析[J].世界科学技术-中医药现代化,2021,23(12):4382-4388.
[36]林金财,林素桔,张佳佳.通心络胶囊联合尼莫地平对脑小血管病合并认知功能障碍患者的疗效[J].中国医学创新,2022,19(27):45-49.
[37]张现伟,刘东生,陈昕,等.六味地黄丸联合丁苯酞胶囊治疗脑小血管病伴非痴呆型血管性认知障碍的临床研究[J].山西医药杂志,2020,49(23):3198-3200.
[38]Kerner NA,Roose SP.Obstructive Sleep Apnea is Linked to Depression and Cognitive Impairment:Evidence and Potential Mechanisms[J].Am J Geriatr Psychiatry,2016,24(6):496-508.
[39]Wu B,Liu F,Sun G,et al.Correlation between obstructive sleep apnea and cerebral small vessel disease:a mendelian randomization study[J].Genes Genomics,2023,45(9):1179-1186.
本文版权为《临床内科杂志》所有,转载请注明作者和来源。