胺的烷基化:这么搞,行吗?设计很好,结果不理想

文摘   2024-09-10 07:01   天津  
案例参考文献
  • Organic Process Research & Development 2007, 11, 1043–1050

最初工艺条件
  • 化合物4经MsCl,先得到OMs,然后和化合物2的盐酸盐在碳酸钠为碱的条件下,发生反应制备化合物1。

设计思路
  • OMs为离去基团,盐酸盐形式的化合物2,体系内游离得到游离碱,参与烷基化反应。
  • 小编推测,文献作者考虑到了体系内产生的氯化钠,氯离子可能进攻OMs得到氯代物,所以反应中加了碘化钾,采用了原位产生原位消耗的策略。不关是OMs,还是氯,还是碘都可以和游离碱2反应。
实验结果
  • 不理想,主要得到了氯代物15,很难得到目标物1。

改进方案
  • 先制备OMs,后处理去除DIPEA的盐酸盐;
  • 先游离化合物2的盐酸盐,萃取分离去除氯化物后,游离碱投料,同时无机碱改用有机碱

实验操作
To the solution of (+)-(S)-4 (22.5 g, 65.6 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and EtNPri2 (12.7 g, 99 mmol, 1.5 equiv) in CH2Cl2 (200 mL) was added MsCl (8.25 g, 72 mmol, 1.1 equiv) was added via syringe under N2. After stirring at room temperature for 1.5 h, the reaction was complete. The organic layer was washed with saturated NaHCO3 (100 mL), dried over MgSO4, and concentrated to afford the corresponding mesylate (HPLC retention time: 7.78 min), which was used in the next reaction right away.
Commercial starting material 4-fluoropiperidine hydrochloride (12.8 g, 92 mmol, 1.4 equiv) was dissolved in 2 mol/L NaOH aqueous solution (200 mL), which was extracted with tert-amyl alcohol (200 mL). The tert-amyl alcohol layer was dried over MgSO4 and filtered directly into the reaction vessel. The mesylate previously prepared and EtNPri2 (34 g, 264 mmol, 4.0 equiv) were added sequentially. The reaction solution was stirred at reflux temperature under N2 for 8 h and then cooled to room temperature. The solvents were evaporated, and the residue was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (500 mL). The organic layer was washed with saturated NaHCO3 (200 mL), dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated. Recrystallization of the crude product from hot EtOH afforded pure 1 as a white solid (21 g, 49 mmol,75%).

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