还原胺化:加料顺序抑制杂质

文摘   2024-09-12 07:03   天津  

案例:ASP5069的合成

  • 最后步骤化合物3和化合物5进行还原氨化制备化合物6

  • 脱保护得到API


初期工艺

  • 醛3和胺5形成的亚胺,如果不能被及时还原,会引发杂质,分子内加成环化得到杂质14或者15,这两个杂质无法进一步还原得到目标物6。


改变加料顺序的研究

根据杂质形成过程,尝试改变加料顺序

  • 先把苯胺化合物5和3eq.醋酸硼氢化钠加入到醋酸中,搅拌体系由悬浊液变成澄清(有氢气释放),再加入醛化合物3,得到了主要目标物的脱Boc产物11,杂质14被有效控制在0.4%。

  • 降低3eq.醋酸硼氢化钠为1.5eq.,杂质14占据52%。

  • 推测机理如下,根据机理醋酸硼氢化钠至少两个eq.,形成席夫碱得到的水会引发脱Boc。


  • 研究发现,中间态硼络合物17和18,稳定性不好,容易分解,进而产生杂质,因为体系溶剂是醋酸,降温容易固化,尝试采用醋酸和醋酸异丙酯为混合溶剂,体系可以降低到0度以下,可以抑制中间态17/18的分解,控制副产物。采用混合溶剂后处理也很方便,直接碱化,分液。

实验操作
To a slurry of aniline 5 (100 g, 257 mmol) in i-PrOAc (700 mL) was added NaBH(OAc)3 in AcOH [prepared by adding NaBH4 (29.2 g, 3.0 equiv) to AcOH (800 mL) at 16−30 °C. Caution: It is important to add NaBH4 slowly while controlling the reaction temperature and hydrogen production] at −10 to 0 °C over 45 min. Caution: It is equally important to add NaBH(OAc)3 slowly while controlling the reaction temperature and hydrogen production. Residual NaBH(OAc)3 in the flask was rinsed with AcOH (200 mL) and added to the reaction flask. The resulting thin, light brown slurry was stirred for 70 min at −10 to 0 °C. 
Then, aldehyde 3 in i-PrOAc (931 mL, 0.304 M, 1.1 equiv) was added over 80 min at −10 to 0 °C. The resulting yellow slurry was stirred for 4 h at −10 to 0 °C. Another portion of aldehyde 3 in i-PrOAc (84.5 mL, 0.304 M, 0.1 equiv) was added over 5 min at −10 to 0 °C. The resulting brown solution was stirred for 2.5 h at −10 to 0 °C until HPLC indicated that aniline 5 and Boc-deprotected aniline 16 had been consumed (ND and 0.4 A %, respectively, by HPLC method B). 
Water (4.63 mL, 1.0 equiv) was added at −10 to 0 °C. The resulting mixture was warmed to 60 °C and stirred for 20 h at 60 °C until HPLC indicated that the intermediate 6 had been consumed (0.2 A % by HPLC method B). 

参考文献
acs.oprd.0c00291

原料药合成工艺开发
有机合成工艺文献分享和总结;有机合成工艺经验分享和交流;原料药研发的法规指导文件交流
 最新文章