錢鍾書著述所引拉丁語之中英譯文采輯
Suetonius 6《外文筆記》4
王依民 景默
《外文筆記》第30冊
Suetonius. I.
The Lives of the Caesars
tr. by J. C. Rolfe
（The Loeb Classical Library）
§10. Although at Capreae every wile was resorted to by those who tried to lure him or force him to utter complaints against Tiberius, he never gave them the satisfaction, ignoring the ruin of his kindred, passing over his own treatment with an incredible pretence of indifference, & so obsequious towards his grandfather & his household, that it was well said of him that no one had ever been a better slave or a worse master [(p.416) nec servum meliorem ullum nec deteriorem dominum fuisse].
◎張竹明等中譯，p.158：在卡普里埃，儘管有些人采用各種手段企圖引誘或强迫他表示不滿，但他從未上過他們的當。他從未提起過自己親人的不幸，似乎根本就沒有發生過什麽事，同時以驚人的僞裝冷漠來應付自己遭受的虐待。他對祖父和祖父一家人百依百順，以致人們談到他時都恰當地說，沒有見過比他更好的奴僕或更糟的主人了。
§22. So much for Caligula as emperor; we must now tell of his career as a monster [(p.434) Hactenus quasi de principe, reliqua ut de monstro narranda sunt]. He laid claim to divine majesty; & orders that the statues of the gods should have their heads removed to be replaced with his own [(p.436) quibus cnpite dempto suum imponeret]. He set up a special temple to his own godhead [(p.436) Templum etiam numini sue proprium], with priests & with victims [peacocks, pheasants, flamingoes, etc.] of the choicest kind. In this temple was a life-sized statue of the emperor in gold, which was dressed each day in clothing such as he wore himself [(p.436) In templo simulacrum stabat aureum iconicum amiciebaturque cotidie veste, quail ipse uteretur]. At night he used constantly to invite the full and radiant moon to his embraces and his bed [(p.436) Et noctibus quidem plenam fulgentemque lunam invitabat assidue in amplexus atque concubitum].
◎張竹明等中譯，pp.165-166：上面我們講的是作爲皇帝的卡里古拉，下面我們必須講講他作爲怪人的經歷。……他開始追求神的尊嚴。他發布命令，把那些神像的頭部換上自己的頭像。……他還爲自己的神像建造了特別的廟宇，任命了祭司，規定了最講究的祭品。這座廟裏安放著他真人大小的金像，每天都被穿上他本人穿的衣服。……夜間，每當一輪明月當空時，他常不停地邀請明月進入他的懷抱，登上他的床笫。
§24. He lived in habitual incest with all his sisters. He violated his sister Drusilla, & later took her from her husband Lucius Cassius Longinus & openly treated her as his legal wife. When she died, he appointed a season of public mourning, during which it was a capital offence to laugh, bathe, or dine in company with one's parents, wife, or children. He never afterwards took oath about important matters, except by the godhead of Drusilla① [(p.440) nisi per numen Drusillae deieravit].
①依民按：經大幅度縮寫，中譯括號部份亦然。
◎張竹明等中譯，p.168：他經常與其姊妹們亂倫。（他侵犯了德魯西拉，後來，把她從其丈夫魯基烏斯·卡西烏斯·龍吉努斯奪了過來，公開當作自己的合法妻子。）……她去世時，他下令舉行一個季度的公衆哀悼活動；在這期間，說笑、洗澡以及和父母、妻子兒女一起進餐都是死罪。……以後關于最爲重大的問題……他也總是指德魯西拉的名字發誓。
§26. He secretly put a number of senators to death, yet continued to send for them as if they were alive [(p.444) citare nihilo minus ut vivos perseveravit], after a few days falsely asserting that they had committed suicide.
◎張竹明等中譯，p.170：他將另一些人秘密處死；同時又不斷派人去尋找他們，好像他們還活在人間似的；幾天後，他佯裝宣布他們已自殺身亡。
§27. When cattle to feed the wild beasts for a gladiatorial show were rather costly, he selected criminals to be devoured [(p.446) ex noxiis laniandos adnotavit]… He forced parents to attend the executions of their sons, sending a litter for one man who pleaded ill health, & inviting another to dinner immediately after witnessing the death, & trying to rouse him to gaiety & jesting by a great show of affability [(p.448) atque omni comitate ad hilaritatem et iocos provocavit].
◎張竹明等中譯，p.170：當角鬥場喂養野獸用的牛漲價時，他便挑選罪犯作野獸的食物……他强迫父親們赴刑場觀看處死他們兒子的場面，當一個父親以身體不好爲由推托不去時，他派一乘肩輿抬他去；對另一個父親，在看過行刑之後他立即邀他去赴宴，幷以各種殷勤的招待迫使他說笑行樂。
【《陳書王瑒傳》：齊文宣帝每行，載死囚以從，齊人呼曰“供御囚”，每有他怒，則召殺之，以快其意。】①
①依民按：見筆記p.668底。本頁無注標，姑置於此。
§28. Having asked a man who had been recalled from a long exile, how he spent his time there, the man replied by way of flattery [(p.448) per adulationem]: "I constantly prayed the gods for what has come to pass, that Tiberius might die & you become emperor." Thereupon Caligula, thinking that his exiles were likewise praying for his death, sent emissaries from island to island to butcher them all [(p.448) opinans sibi quoque exsules suos mortem imprecari, (450) misit circuni insulas, qui universes contrucidarent].
◎張竹明等中譯，p.171：他問一個遭到長期流放後被召回的人在流放地做些什麽，這個人對他阿諛奉承：“我不斷地向神祈禱，希望提比略死了，讓你做皇帝，結果應驗了。”于是，卡裏古拉想像他所流放的人同樣會在祈禱他的死亡，因而派人把所有島嶼上的流放犯全部處死。
§29. 見上《管錐編》第二冊《老子》卷第4則條。
§30. He seldom had anyone put to death except by numerous slight wounds, his constant order, which soon became well-known, being: "Strike so that he may feel that he is dying" [(p.450 perpetuo (452) notoque iam praecepto: "Ita feri ut se mori sentiat"].【Cf Lucan, Pharsalia, II. 178: "Vidimus, et toto quamvis in eorpore eaeso / Nil animae letale datum moremque nefandae / Dirum saevitiae, pereuntis parcere raorti." (we have seen the body which, covered with wounds, still awaits the fatal stroke, according to the cruel practice of keeping alive a man dooned to death). Cf Supra, p.380.】He often uttered the familiar line: "Let them hate me, so they but fear me" [(p.452) Oderint, dum metuant] 【Accius,Trag, 203①; cf. supra p.376.】… Angered at the rabble, he cried: "I wish the Roman people had but a single neck" [(p.452) Utinam p. R. unam cervicem haberet!]
①依民按：Accius.Tragedies, 203 (Remains of old Latin. V.2, Loeb,p.393, 392): And now wood-haunting, visiting places strange [et nunc silvicolae ignota invisentes loca].
◎張竹明等中譯，pp.172-173：他處人死刑前幾乎總是不斷地致人輕傷，總是下達這樣的命令，以致不久便婦孺皆知，這就是：“揍他，讓他覺得行將死亡。”……他常常吟誦一位悲劇詩人的如下詩句：“讓他們恨我吧，這樣他們可以怕我。”……當平民大衆支持他所反對的一個賽車隊時①，他勃然大怒，高聲號叫：“但願羅馬人僅長有一個脖子”。
①依民按：這句看上去似與英文頗為不同，Loeb的相關上下文是：“He constantly tongue-lashed the equestrian order as devotees of the stage and the arena. Angered at the rabble for applauding a faction which he opposed”。
§32. At one of his sumptuous banquets he suddenly burst into a fit of laughter [(p.454) effusus subito in cachinnos], & when the consuls politely inquired at the cause, he replied: "What do you suppose, except that at a single word of mine both of you could have your throats cut on the spot? " [(p.456) Quid nisi uno meo nutu iugulari utrumque vestrum statim posse ?]
◎張竹明等中譯，p.174：在一次非常豐盛的宴會上，他突然哈哈大笑，坐在他身旁的兩位執政官諂媚地問他爲何而笑，他回答道：“因爲只要我一點頭，你們兩人的喉嚨就能被割斷!”
§33. Whenever he kissed the neck of his wife or sweetheart, he would say: "Off comes this beautiful head whenever I give the word" [(p.456) Tarn bona cervix simul ac iussero demetur]. He used to threaten that he would resort to torture by the Cords① if necessary, to find out from his dear Caesonia why he loved her so passionately [(p.456) Quin et subinde iactabat exquisiturum se vel fidiculis de Caesonia sua, cur earn tanto opere diligeret].
①依民按："by the Cords" 原文無，補入的根據是p.456腳注：Literally, "the cords," as an instrument of torture. 按參筆記前文Tib. 62.
◎張竹明等中譯，p.174：他在吻其妻或情婦的脖子時常常說：“多好的頸脖子呀!但是只要我一聲令下，它就要搬家。”他甚至時常威嚇說，如果需要，他將訴諸拷打，從他親愛的卡桑尼婭嘴裏弄清楚，他爲何如此深情地愛著她。
§34. He thought of destroying the works of Homer, asking why he should not have the same privilege as Plato, who excluded Homer from his ideal commonwealth [(p.456) cur enim sibi non licere quod Platoni licuisset, qui eum e civitate quam constituebat eiecerit?]. He railed at Vergil as a man of no talent & very little learning [(p.456) nullius ingenii minimaeque doctrinae], & Livius as a verbose & careless historian.
◎張竹明等中譯，p.174：他甚至想焚毀荷馬史詩。他說，爲什麽柏拉圖可以把荷馬驅逐出他所建立的理想國，而他卡里古拉就不可以這樣做呢？……他駡維吉爾沒有天才缺少學識，攻擊李維是個囉囉唆唆言不足信的史家。
§35. After inviting Ptolemy to come from his kingdom & receiving him with honour, he suddenly had him executed for no other reason that Ptolemy's splendid purple cloak attracted general attention at a gladiatorial show. Whenever he ran across handsome men with fine heads of hair, he disfigured them by having the backs of their heads shaved…① 【He himself was bald: "his hair thin & entirely gone on the top of his head, though his body was hairy. Because of this to look upon him from a higher place as he passed by, or to mention a goat, was treated as a capital offence [eapillo raro at② circa verticem nullo, hirsutus cetera. Quare transeunte eo prospicere ex superiore parte aut omnino quacumque de causa capram nominare, criminosum et exitiale habebatur — 50, infra p.480].張竹明等中譯，p.183：他頭髮稀疏、禿頂，體表多毛。因此，當他從跟前走過時，如果你從高處看他或者無意中說到“山羊”的，都被認爲是犯了死罪。】In short, there was no one of such low condition or such abject fortune that he did not envy him such advantages as he possessed [(p.458) Nullus denique tam abiectae condicionis tamque extremae sortis fuit, cuius non commodis obtrectaret].
①依民按：以上有較多調整，并非依次逐字鈔錄。中譯則基本保持其語序。
②依民按：筆記誤為“et”。
◎張竹明等中譯，p.175：（他邀請托勒密）從其王國來到羅馬，給予隆重的接待，但又把他處死了。而事情也僅僅因爲在他舉辦的一次角鬥競賽會上，他看到托勒密進入劇場時因穿著一件耀眼的鮮紅色披風而引起全場觀衆的注目。每當遇見長著秀髮的美男子，他都下令剪掉他們後腦勺上的頭髮 注 ，使他們變得難看。……事實上對于地位低下的男人，他也妒忌他們得到的僅有的一點點好處。
§36. He is said to have had unnatural relations with Marcus Lepidus, Mnester & others. Valerius Catullus publicly proclaimed that he had violated the emperor and worn himself out in commerce with him [(p.460) stupratum a se ac latera sibi contubernio eius defessa etiani]. He would invite women of rank to dinner with their husbands… he would leave the room, sending for the one who pleased him best, & returning soon afterward with evident signs of what had occurred, he would openly commend or criticise his partner, recounting her charms or defects and commenting on her conduct [(p.460) lasciviae notis reversus vel laudabat palam vel vituperabat, singula enumerans bona malave corporis atque concubitus].
◎張竹明等中譯，p.176：據說他與馬爾庫斯·雷必達、麥尼斯特等都有不正常的關系。……瓦列利烏斯·卡圖魯斯公開說，他曾奸污過皇帝，幷在同性戀中搞壞了自己的身體。……他通常邀請那些婦女和她們的丈夫一起來進餐；……他便走出餐室幷召來他最喜歡的一個；過了一會兒回到餐室時，臉上還挂著滿足的神情，幷當衆稱贊或批評她，細述她肉體的優缺點和床上行爲。
§37. He was recklessly extravagant… he would drink pearls of great price dissolved in vinegar [(p.462) pretiosissinia margarita aceto liquefacta sorberet]【cf. The anecdote of Cleopatra dissolving her pearl ear-drop in acid & then mixing it with wine which she drank to Antony's health. See end of the book for Caligula…①】
①依民按：以下無法辨認，請參看截圖。
◎張竹明等中譯，p.176：他无节制地浪费……他饮用溶解于醋中的珍珠。
§40. He levied a fixed charge on all eatables, on the daily wages of porters, on the earnings of prostitutes, as much as each received for one embrace [(p.468) ex capturis prostitutarum quantum quaeque uno concubitu mereret]; a clause providing that those who had ever been prostitutes or panders should be liable to this tax, & that even matrimony should not be exempt.
◎張竹明等中譯，pp.178-179：（他徵收包羅萬象的稅：所有食品，搬運工人的日工資，妓女每一次接客的價錢①）；這條法律還有一款補充規定：過去做過妓女或老鴇的，也得交這種稅，即使後來正式結婚也不得免交。
①依民按：括號內并非中譯本的原文。
§41.To leave no kind of plunder untried, he opened a brothel in his palace [(p.468) lupanar in Palatio constituit].
◎張竹明等中譯，p.179：他不擇手段斂取不義之財，在宮中開妓館。
§42. Seized with a mania for feeling the touch of money, he would often pour out huge piles of goldpieces in some open place, walk over them barefooted, & wallow in them for a long time with his whole body [(p.470) Novissime contrectandae pecuniae cupidine incensus, saepe super immensos aureorum acervos patentissimo diffiisos loco et nudis pedibus spatiatus et toto corpore aliquamdiu volutatus est.].
◎張竹明等中譯，p.179：他被一陣狂熱所支配，想要體驗一下接觸金錢的快感。他在一塊寬敞的地方放上大堆的金幣，光著脚板在上面走動，或全身長時間地在裏面打滾。
§49. Among his private papers two notebooks were found, one called "The Sword" & the other "The Dagger" [(p.478) duo libelli diverso titulo, alteri "Gladius," alteri "Pugio" index erat], containing the names of those whom he had doomed to death.
◎張竹明等中譯，p.183：在他的私人文件裏發現了兩個小筆記本，各有一個標題，一個叫做“短劍”，另一個叫做“匕首”，兩個本子裏都有他要處死的人的名字。
§50. His face was naturally horrid & ugly, & he purposely made it even more savage, practising all kinds of terrible & fearsome expressions before a mirror [(p.480) Vultum vero natura horridum ac taetrum etiam ex industria efferabat componens ad speculum in omnem terrorem ac formidinem].
He was sound neither of body nor mind…
◎張竹明等中譯，p.183：他的面部本已天生的難看和令人反感，他還有意使它變得更凶殘，對著鏡子做著各種令人望而生畏的可怕表情。
他在身心兩方面都不算健康。
§51. I may fairly attribute to mental weakness the existence of two exactly opposite faults in the same person, extreme assurance & excessive timorousness [(p.482) Non inmerito① mentis valitudini attribuerim diversissima in eodem vitia, summam confidentiam et contra nimium metum.]【The Freudian theory of "reaction-formation" (cf. G. C. Flugel, Man, Morals & Society, pp.69-70) would explain the unity of opposites.】
①依民按：錢先生錄為“immerito”。
◎張竹明等中譯，p.183：我有理由認爲他身上存在著完全相反的兩種缺點——極端的自信同時又過分的膽小。
§53. He had such scorn of a polished and elegant style that he dismissed Seneca as① "sand without lime" [(p.484) "liarenam esse sine calce" diceret].
①依民按：上半句是錢的概括重述，非直接引用原文。參看中譯。
◎張竹明等中譯，p.185：他批評塞內加……的作品“只是些學究氣的習作”和“沒有石灰的沙子”。
§55. He used to send his soldiers on the day before the games & order silence in the neighbourhood, to prevent the horse Incitatus from being disturbed. Besides a stall of marble, a manger of ivory, purple blankets & a collar of precious stones, he even gave this horse a house [Incitatus (swift)], a troop of slaves & furniture, for the more elegant entertainment of the guests invited in his name; & it is also said that he planned to make him consul [(p.488 Incitato equo, cuius causa pridie circenses, ne inquietaretur, viciniae silentium per milites indicere solebat, praeter equile marmoreum et praesaepe eburneum praeterque purpurea tegumenta ac monilia e gemmis domum etiam et famiHam et supellectilem dedit, quo lautius nomine eius invitati acciperentur; consulatum quoque traditur destinasse].【駮龍、逍遙（《北齊書》〈幼主記〉〈高思好傳〉〈恩倖傳〉）御馬則藉以氈罽，食物有十餘種，將合牝牡，則設青廬；馬及鷹犬乃有儀同、郡君之號。《新五代史•東漢世家》劉旻歸，為黃騮治厩，飾以金銀，食以三品料，號自在將軍。】
◎張竹明等中譯，p.186：他十分愛惜自己的一匹名叫“疾足者”的好馬，每逢比賽前夕，爲了使它的休息不受干擾，他派出士兵保持周圍安靜。他不僅爲它造了大理石馬厩，象牙食槽、給它披上紫色馬被和戴珠寶項煉，甚至還撥給它一處宮室，連同奴僕和家具，以便更講究地以它的名義邀請和招待賓客。還聽說，他打算任命它做執政官。
§58. As he lay upon the ground & with writhing limbs called out that he still lived, the others dispatched him with thirty wounds; for the general signal was "Strike again" [(p.494) Repete!] Some even thrust their swords through his privates [(p.494) Quidam etiam per obscaena fernim adegerunt].
◎張竹明等中譯，p.189：他倒下了，肢體痙攣著呼叫：“我還沒死!”于是其餘的人給了他30刀，結果了他的性命。因爲大家都叫：“再給他一刀!”有的人甚至把刀戳進他的褲襠裏。
