A recent report by the European climate service Copernicus says that November was the second-warmest November for which the agency has records. 欧洲气候服务机构哥白尼最近的一份报告称，11月是该机构有记录以来第二温暖的11月。 The finding means that Copernicus will likely declare 2024 the hottest year ever measured using its sets of data.这一发现意味着哥白尼可能会宣布2024年是使用其数据集测量的最热的一年。 Copernicus called last year the hottest on record. But after this summer, scientists involved in the effort were expecting that 2024 would set a new record.哥白尼称去年是有记录以来最热的一年。但今年夏天之后，参与这项工作的科学家预计2024年将创下新纪录。 In November, the global temperature average was 14.10 Celsius. Through November, this year's average global temperature is 0.14 Celsius above the same period last year.11月，全球平均气温为14.10摄氏度。截至11月，今年全球平均气温比去年同期高0.14摄氏度。 Jennifer Francis is a climate scientist at the Woodwell Climate Research Center in the northeastern U.S. state of Massachusetts. Francis, who was not involved in the report, said the big story about November is that "like 2023, it beat out previous Novembers by a large margin."詹妮弗·弗朗西斯是美国东北部马萨诸塞州伍德韦尔气候研究中心的一名气候科学家。弗朗西斯没有参与这份报告，他说，关于11月的大新闻是“像2023年一样，它以很大的优势击败了之前的11月。” The report said 2024 will likely be the first year in which the average temperature was more than 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial times. In earlier publications, Copernicus calls pre-industrial times the period between 1850 and 1900.该报告称，2024年可能是平均气温首次比工业化前高出1.5摄氏度以上。在早期的出版物中，哥白尼把1850年到1900年这段时间称为前工业时代。 The 2015 Paris Agreement says human-caused warming should be limited to 2 degrees Celsius.2015年《巴黎协定》规定，人为导致的变暖应限制在2摄氏度以内。 In the years following 2015, the world’s top climate scientist said it was important to limit the rise in temperature to 1.5 degrees Celsius to prevent the worst effects of climate change. The scientists said these effects could include increasingly destructive and frequent extreme weather events.在2015年之后的几年里，这位世界顶级气候科学家表示， 重要的是将气温上升限制在1.5摄氏度以内，以防止气候变化带来的最坏影响。科学家们表示，这些影响可能包括破坏性越来越大、极端天气事件越来越频繁。 Copernicus Deputy Director Samantha Burgess said in a news release that "ambitious climate action is more urgent than ever."哥白尼计划副主任萨曼莎·伯吉斯在新闻发布会上说，“雄心勃勃的气候行动比以往任何时候都更加迫切。” Many scientists say the main cause of climate change is the burning of fuels like coal, oil and natural gas.许多科学家表示，气候变化的主要原因是煤炭、石油和天然气等燃料的燃烧。 Francis said the new records are "terrible news for people and ecosystems."弗朗西斯说，新的记录“对人类和生态系统来说都是可怕的消息”。 Francis predicted bad effects from the quickly changing climate. These include the possibility of animals dying off and changes to the natural food webs that the animals are part of.弗朗西斯预测迅速变化的气候会带来不良影响。其中包括动物死亡的可能性以及动物所处的自然食物网的变化。 She added that coastal communities may face problems because of rising sea levels.她补充说，沿海社区可能会因海平面上升而面临问题。 Experts said heat waves over the oceans and a loss of sea ice and snow cover probably played a part in the temperature increase this year. Copernicus, the European agency, said the area of Antarctic sea ice in November was 10 percent below average, a record.专家表示，海洋上空的热浪以及海冰和积雪的减少可能是今年气温上升的部分原因。欧洲机构哥白尼表示，11月份南极海冰面积比平均水平低10%，创下了纪录。 The Associated Press reports that oceans absorb about 90 percent of the heat trapped by greenhouse gases. They then release heat and water vapor back into the atmosphere.据美联社报道，海洋吸收了温室气体捕获的90%的热量。然后它们将热量和水蒸气释放回大气中。 Last year's record heat was caused partly by an El Nino — a temporary natural warming of parts of the central Pacific that affects weather worldwide.去年创纪录的高温部分是由厄尔尼诺现象造成的——厄尔尼诺现象是太平洋中部部分地区的暂时自然变暖，影响了全球天气。 But that ended earlier this year and an effect that often follows, called La Nina, failed to take place. This left the scientific community "a little perplexed by what's going on here... why temperatures are staying high," said Jonathan Overpeck.但这种情况在今年早些时候结束，经常随之而来的“拉尼娜”效应未能发生。这让科学界“对这里发生的事情感到有点困惑……为什么气温持续高企，”乔纳森·奥弗派克说。 Overpeck is a climate scientist at the University of Michigan.奥弗佩克是密歇根大学的气候科学家。 One theory is that an El Nino releases more heat to the atmosphere because of warmer ocean waters. Overpeck said, "we're not getting the cooling effect that often in decades gone by helps bring the temperature back down."一种理论认为，厄尔尼诺现象因海水变暖而向大气释放更多热量。奥弗佩克说：“我们没有得到冷却效果，而在过去的几十年里，冷却效果往往有助于降低温度。” This year, he said, "is such a big jump following yet another jump..."他说，今年“继一次升温之后，又出现了如此大的升温……" I'm John Russell.约翰·拉塞尔为您播报。
