South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol on Tuesday declared martial law, vowing to eradicate "shameless pro-North Korean anti-state forces" and restore order.韩国总统尹锡悦周二宣布戒严令，誓言根除“无耻的亲朝反国家势力”并恢复秩序。 The parliament, surrounded by protesters and police, voted to lift the decree just hours later.几小时后，在抗议者和警方的包围下，国会投票决定废除该法令。 The following are what the Constitution and the Martial Law Act say about martial law, past instances of such moves in South Korea and the events leading up to Yoon's late-night address.以下是韩国宪法和戒严法关于戒严令的规定、韩国历史上实施戒严令的先例以及导致尹锡悦深夜发表讲话的事件。 THE LAW法律 South Korea's Constitution says the president can declare martial law when it is considered necessary to cope with a military threat or to maintain public safety and order by mobilising military forces.韩国宪法规定，总统在认为有必要应对军事威胁或动用军事力量维护公共安全与秩序时，可以宣布戒严令。 The president's martial law declaration must be reviewed by the cabinet.总统宣布的戒严令必须由内阁审议。 When martial law is declared by the president, they must notify the National Assembly of the decision. The president must comply when the National Assembly requests the lifting of martial law by a majority vote of members.总统宣布戒严令时，必须通知国会。若国会以多数票要求废除戒严令，总统必须遵守。 The martial law commander, appointed by the president on the recommendation of the defence minister among active-duty generals, has the power to take actions related to arrests of persons, search and seizure, speech and the press, and assembly.戒严指挥官由总统根据国防部长从现役将军中提出的推荐人选进行任命，他有权采取与逮捕人员、搜查扣押财物、言论与新闻管制以及集会管制等相关的行动。 The commander has authority over all administrative and judicial matters.指挥官对所有行政和司法事务拥有管辖权。 HISTORY历史 There have been more than a dozen instances of martial law declaration since South Korea was established as a republic in 1948. Many of the cases were triggered by democratic uprisings and when Park Chung-hee and Chun Doo-hwan, both military officers, staged military coups in 1961 and in 1980.自1948年韩国建立共和国以来，已有十多次宣布戒严令的情况。其中许多事件是由民主起义引发的，以及1961年和1980年军事官员朴正熙和全斗焕分别发动的军事政变。 The last time, in 1980, a group of military officers led by Chun Doo-hwan forced then-president Choi Kyu-hah to proclaim martial law to crush calls by the opposition, labour and students for the restoration of democratic government.上一次是在1980年，全斗焕领导的一群军事官员迫使当时的总统崔圭夏宣布戒严令，以镇压反对派、劳工和学生要求恢复民主政府的呼声。 YOON尹锡悦 Yoon, a career prosecutor who was elected in May 2022 by a margin of less than 1%, has been unpopular, with his support ratings hovering at around 20% for months.尹锡悦是一名职业检察官，于2022年5月以不到1%的微弱优势当选总统，一直不受欢迎，支持率数月来一直在20%左右徘徊。 His People Power Party (PPP) suffered a landslide defeat at a parliamentary election in April this year, ceding control of the unicameral assembly to opposition parties that captured nearly two-thirds of the seats.他所属的国民力量党在今年4月的议会选举中惨败，将一院制议会的控制权拱手让给了获得近三分之二席位的反对党。 Yoon has been under pressure as the Democratic Party repeatedly passed bills to appoint a special prosecutor to investigate alleged wrongdoings by his wife, including allegations of stock price manipulation before Yoon's election.尹锡悦一直承受着压力，因为民主党一再通过法案，任命特别检察官调查其妻子涉嫌的不法行为，包括在尹锡悦当选前涉嫌操纵股价的指控。 Yoon has repeatedly vetoed the bills.尹锡悦一再否决这些法案。 Last week, the Democratic Party pushed its revision of the government budget proposal through a committee slashing more than 4 trillion won from the government request, readying it for a vote by the full house.上周，民主党通过委员会推动了其修订后的政府预算提案，将政府要求的预算削减了4万亿韩元以上，准备提交全体议员投票。 The move angered the presidential office, whose spokeswoman called it a "parliamentary tyranny."此举激怒了总统府，其发言人称之为“议会暴政”。 WHAT'S AHEAD?后续发展 The martial law command issued a six-point proclamation that bans all political activities, assembly and rallies and requires all news media and publishing to be under the control of the command. The command has also ordered all trainee doctors who have resigned in protest at a government healthcare reform plan to report back to work.戒严令指挥部发布了一项六点公告，禁止所有政治活动、集会和游行，并要求所有新闻媒体和出版物接受指挥部的管控。指挥部还命令所有因抗议政府医疗改革计划而辞职的实习医生返回工作岗位。
