A new study suggests that Venus likely never had water flowing on its surface. 一项新的研究表明，金星表面可能从未有水流动。 The research was based on data related to the chemical makeup of the planet's atmosphere.这项研究是基于与地球大气化学组成有关的数据。 Scientists have long considered whether Venus once held liquid water, even possibly large oceans.长期以来，科学家们一直在考虑金星是否曾经有液态水，甚至可能有大型海洋。 Such research was based on the fact that Venus is like our own planet in many ways.这样的研究是基于这样一个事实，即金星在许多方面都像我们自己的星球。 It is a rocky planet similar in structure and size to Earth and is also our closest planetary neighbor.它是一颗岩石行星，在结构和大小上与地球相似，也是我们最近的行星邻居。 But the latest study provides evidence that Venus has likely always been the hot, extremely dry planet it remains today.但最新的研究提供的证据表明，金星很可能一直是一个像今天这样炎热、极度干燥的星球。 Researchers from Britain's University of Cambridge led the study.英国剑桥大学的研究人员领导了这项研究。 It recently appeared in the publication Nature Astronomy.它最近发表在《自然天文学》杂志上。 The researchers' data examinations led them to conclude that both the surface and interior of Venus remain dry.研究人员的数据检查使他们得出结论，金星的表面和内部都是干燥的。 The team said the strongest evidence that Venus once had large amounts of water would be the discovery of some water inside the planet today.该团队表示，金星曾经有大量水的最有力证据是今天在金星内部发现了一些水。 But the study provided no evidence of that.但该研究没有提供这方面的证据。 Since water is considered an important element for supporting life, the researchers also suggest that Venus was likely never habitable, or able to support life.由于水被认为是维持生命的重要元素，研究人员还认为金星可能从来就不适合居住，或者无法维持生命。 The lead writer of the study was Tereza Constantinou, a doctoral student at the University of Cambridge's Institute of Astronomy.该研究的主要作者是剑桥大学天文学研究所的博士生特雷莎·康斯坦丁努。 She told Reuters news agency, "We suggest that a habitable past would be associated with Venus' present interior being water-rich, and a dry past with Venus' present interior being dry."她告诉路透社，“我们认为，可居住的过去与金星目前的内部富含水有关，而干燥的过去则与金星现在的内部干燥有关。” The researchers explained they attempted to measure the current destruction rate of molecules in water, carbon dioxide and carbonyl sulfide in Venus' atmosphere.研究人员解释说，他们试图测量金星大气中水、二氧化碳和硫化羰中分子的当前破坏率。 The state of the planet's atmosphere is linked to volcanic activity, the team said.研究小组表示，地球大气层的状态与火山活动有关。 "Volcanism, through its supply of gases to the atmosphere, provides a window into the interior of rocky planets like Venus," the researchers wrote in a statement.研究人员在一份声明中写道：“火山活动通过向大气供应气体，为金星等岩石行星的内部提供了一扇窗户。” As magma rises from the mantle to the surface, it releases gases from the deeper portions of the planet.当岩浆从地幔上升到地表时，它会从地球的深处释放气体。 Volcanic explosions, or eruptions, can provide information on the amount of water contained deep below a planet's surface, the scientists said.科学家们说，火山爆发或喷发可以提供行星表面深处所含水量的信息。 On Earth, for example, volcanic eruptions mostly release steam, a vapor created when water gets heated.例如，在地球上，火山喷发主要释放蒸汽，这是水被加热时产生的蒸汽。 Measurements of volcanic gases on Earth have shown they release about 60 percent water vapor.对地球上火山气体的测量表明，它们释放了大约60%的水蒸气。 But the researchers said their examinations suggested volcanic gases released on Venus were less than 6 percent water vapor.但研究人员表示，他们的检查表明金星上释放的火山气体中水蒸气不到6%。 This persuaded the team to conclude that the planet's interior – the source of the magma that releases volcanic gases – must be very dry.这说服了研究小组得出结论，金星的内部——释放火山气体的岩浆的来源——一定非常干燥。 The team noted that scientists have had two leading theories on the history of water on Venus.研究小组指出，科学家们对金星上的水的历史有两种主要理论。 The first is that the planet had a moderate climate for billions of years, with liquid water flowing over areas of the surface.首先，金星数十亿年来一直处于温和的气候状态，液态水在表面区域流动。 Over time, widespread volcanic activity likely led to extreme heat and dry conditions that made the water disappear.随着时间的推移，广泛的火山活动可能导致极端高温和干燥的条件，使水消失。 The second theory imagined Venus as being very hot from the beginning, preventing liquid water from ever forming on the surface.第二种理论认为金星从一开始就非常热，阻止液态水在表面形成。 Constantinou said, "Both of those theories are based on climate models,康斯坦丁努说：“这两种理论都是基于气候模型， but we wanted to take a different approach based on observations of Venus' current atmospheric chemistry."但我们想根据对金星当前大气化学的观测采取不同的方法。” She added that the team did not find evidence that any chemicals being removed from the atmosphere were later being restored.她补充说，该团队没有发现任何证据表明从大气中清除的化学物质后来被恢复了。 This provides strong evidence that Venus has a very dry interior today, the scientists concluded.科学家得出结论，这提供了强有力的证据，证明金星今天的内部非常干燥。 "The atmospheric chemistry suggests that volcanic eruptions on Venus release very little water, implying that the planet's interior…is equally dry," Constantinou said.康斯坦丁努说：“大气化学表明，金星上的火山爆发释放的水很少，这意味着金星的内部同样干燥。” She added that her team "would have loved to find that Venus was once a planet much closer to our own."她补充说，她的团队“很乐意发现金星曾经是一颗离我们更近的行星。” However, Constantinou noted the finding suggests that researchers should center their searches "on planets that are mostly likely to be able to support life – at least life as we know it."然而，康斯坦丁努指出，这一发现表明，研究人员应该将他们的搜索集中在“最有可能支持生命的行星上——至少是我们所知道的生命。” I'm Bryan Lynn.布莱恩·林恩为您播报。
