01
原文：Li L, Qi B, Zhang P. The impacts of federal judge ideology on auditor litigation risk and auditor behavior[J]. Contemporary Accounting Research, 2024.
The impacts of federal judge ideology on auditor litigation risk and auditor behavior
ABSTRACT：In this paper, we investigate whether federal judge ideology, ceteris paribus, affects auditor litigation risk and auditor behavior. We find that auditors whose client firms are in jurisdictions dominated by liberal judges are more likely to be sued and make higher payouts to plaintiffs when sued. Furthermore, these client firms are more likely to receive going‐concern opinions and pay higher audit fees. Finally, we find no evidence that the quality of audited financial statements is affected by judge ideology. The evidence documented in this paper indicates that federal judge ideology affects auditor litigation risk and some aspects of auditor behavior.
联邦法官意识形态对审计师诉讼风险和审计师行为的影响
摘要：本文研究了联邦法官的意识形态是否会影响审计师诉讼风险和审计师行为。研究发现，客户公司所在司法管辖区由自由派法官主导的审计师更容易被起诉，并且在被起诉时向原告支付更高的赔偿金。此外，这些客户公司更有可能获得持续经营意见，并支付更高的审计费用。最后，文章没有发现任何证据表明经审计的财务报表的质量受到法官意识形态的影响。文章所记录的证据表明，联邦法官的意识形态会影响审计师的诉讼风险和某些方面的审计师行为。
亮点：（1）文章实证检验了联邦法官的意识形态如何影响审计师的诉讼风险和审计行为。之前的文献主要集中在联邦或州法律体系对审计师行为的影响上，而这篇文章则关注了法官意识形态这一新的法律环境特征，强调了法官意识形态的重要性。（2）文章拓展了关于联邦法官意识形态后果的研究文献，文章发现，审计师在面对更高的诉讼风险时，会通过发布更多的持续经营意见和收取更高的审计费用来应对。（3）文章解决了一个潜在的关键问题，即联邦法官意识形态是否会影响到财务报表质量，结果表明，审计质量并未受到法官意识形态的影响。
02
原文：Drake K D, Goldman N C, Lusch S J, et al. Disclosure of tax-related critical audit matters and tax-related outcomes[J]. Contemporary Accounting Research, 2024, 41(2): 719-747.
Disclosure of tax-related critical audit matters and tax-related outcomes
ABSTRACT：Given that tax-related critical audit matters (tax CAMs) were prevalent among accelerated filers (18.5% of observations) during the initial year of CAM disclosures, we examine whether an auditor's disclosure of tax CAMs is associated with variation in tax-related financial reporting quality, tax avoidance, and tax-related earnings management. Finding an association between tax CAMs and one of these tax outcomes would indicate that the new auditor reporting standard has indirectly affected investors. Examining the first year of CAM disclosures, we do not find that tax CAMs are associated with broad proxies of tax-related audit or financial reporting quality (e.g., restatements, internal control weaknesses, comment letters) or tax avoidance (e.g., effective tax rates or book-to-tax differences). We do find that tax CAMs are associated with a modest increase in tax accrual quality, an increase in the reserve for unrecognized tax benefits, and a reduction in the likelihood of tax-related earnings management. However, we do not find these tax CAM effects persist into the second year of CAM reporting. Our evidence is consistent with tax CAM disclosures having a modest but short-lived effect on companies' reporting of tax accounts. Our findings should inform the PCAOB as they conduct their post-implementation review of the new audit reporting standard.
涉税关键审计事项的披露与涉税结果
摘要：鉴于在披露关键审计事项的首年，涉税关键审计事项在加速申报者中普遍存在（占观察值的18.5%），文章研究了审计师披露涉税关键审计事项是否与涉税财务报告质量、避税和涉税盈余管理的变化有关。如果发现税务CAM与这些税务结果之一存在关联，则表明新的审计师报告标准对投资者产生了间接影响。在对CAM披露的第一年进行研究时，文章没有发现税务CAM与涉税审计或财务报告质量的广泛代理指标（如重述、内部控制缺陷、意见函）或避税（如实际税率或账面税差异）相关。文章确实发现，税收CAM与税款应计质量的适度提高、未确认税收优惠准备金的增加以及与税收相关的盈余管理可能性的降低有关。然而，文章并没有发现这些税务CAM影响会持续到CAM报告的第二年。文章的证据表明，税务CAM披露对公司税务账目报告的影响有限，但持续时间较为短暂。文章的研究结果应为PCAOB在对新审计报告准则进行实施后审查时其提供信息。
亮点：（1）文章聚焦于税务相关的关键审计事项（CAM），而非宽泛地探究所有类型的CAM。这种做法能够更为直接地把CAM和企业税务披露相联系，进而为更全面评估扩展审计报告的效果提供更为具体、更具针对性的证据。（2）文章丰富了有关扩展审计报告对财务报告质量影响的研究文献。尽管文章不能完全消除与先前研究存在的差异，但其研究发现有助于阐明CAM与财务报告质量之间的关系是复杂的，在整体样本中这种关系并非总是易于辨识。文章通过考量涉税CAM与涉税财务报告质量之间的关系，发现CAM披露具有温和且短暂的影响效应。
03
原文：Ma T, Wan C, Wang Y, et al. Individual auditor turnover and audit quality—Large sample evidence from US audit offices[J]. The Accounting Review, 2024, 99(6): 297-324.
Individual auditor turnover and audit quality——
Large sample evidence from US audit offices
ABSTRACT：We examine the relationship between audit quality and office-level auditor turnover. Using resumes of over 106,000 Big 4 auditors, we find that audit offices with higher turnover have a greater likelihood of client annual report restatements. This detrimental effect is more pronounced when the departing auditors are more experienced and when the office faces tighter human capital constraints and is primarily attributable to voluntary turnover. Further, such negative effect is borne mostly by complex clients and intangible-intensive clients but is weakened for clients with greater product similarity to the client portfolio of the audit office. Last, the impact of office-level turnover on audit quality persists after controlling for firm-level turnover. Our findings inform the current policy debate on whether and to what extent audit firms should disclose auditor turnover as a potential indicator of audit quality.
审计师离职与审计质量——来自美国审计分所的大样本证据
摘要：文章研究了审计质量与分所层面审计师离职之间的关系。利用四大会计师事务所 106,000 多名审计师的简历，文章发现，审计师流失率较高的审计分所出现客户年报重述的可能性更大。当离职的审计师经验更丰富、分所面临更严格的人力资本限制时，这种不利影响会更加明显，而这主要归因于审计师的自愿离职。此外，这种负面影响主要由复杂客户和无形资产密集型客户承担，但对于与审计师事务所客户组合产品相似度较高的客户，这种影响则会减弱。最后，在控制了总所层面的人员流动后，分所层面的人员流动对审计质量的影响依然存在。文章研究结果为当前关于审计公司是否以及在多大程度上应披露审计师离职率作为审计质量潜在指标的政策辩论提供了参考。
亮点：（1）文章丰富了关于审计师人力资本和审计质量的研究。由于数据限制，先前的研究主要关注审计合伙人如何影响审计质量，而忽略了审计员工这一审计劳动力的最大组成部分。文章通过研究大型会计师事务所分所层面的审计人员流动如何影响审计质量，扩展了相关研究领域。（2）文章为目前关于审计师是否应该披露人员离职率的政策讨论提供了重要实证支持。研究发现，除了在事务所层面披露外，在分所层面披露人员流动率对投资者和审计委员会评估审计质量具有增量作用。（3）先前的研究广泛探讨了个体审计师离职的决定因素，文章利用公开的大样本数据，拓展了关于个体审计师离职后果的文献，提供了关于美国审计市场人员流动后果的实证证据。
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总编：游家兴
解析：卫晓明
审校：刘晗 谭传兴
编辑：潘芳妍
