【文献速递第271期】Top期刊关于同行企业话题的三篇论文

文摘   财经   2024-12-15 19:43   浙江  

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01

原文:Naumovska I, Lavie D. When an industry peer is accused of financial misconduct: Stigma versus competition effects on non-accused firms[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 2021, 66(4): 1130-1172.


When an Industry Peer is Accused of Financial Misconduct: Stigma versus Competition Effects on Non-accused Firms


ABSTRACT: Research on misconduct suggests that accusations against industry peers generate negative consequences for non-accused firms (a stigma effect). Yet, building on research on competitive dynamics, we infer that such accusations can benefit non-accused firms that compete with these peers (a competition effect). To reconcile these opposing perspectives, we posit that the negative stigma effect will increase with greater product market overlap between the non-accused firm and its accused peer, up to a point, beyond which the positive competition effect will counterbalance it. We further conjecture that the competition effect will be relatively more pronounced when the market classification used by investors for assessing the market overlap is more fine-grained. Accordingly, we suggest that more sophisticated investors, who rely on more fine-grained market classifications, increase their shareholdings in non-accused firms to a greater extent than less sophisticated investors as the market overlap between the non-accused firm and the accused peer increases. Using elaborate data on products and investments, we analyze investors shareholdings and stock market returns of non-accused firms in the U.S. software industry following accusations of financial misconduct by their industry peers, and we find support for our predictions. Our study elucidates the interplay between stigma and competition following misconduct by industry peers.


当同行企业被指控财务不当行为时:耻辱与竞争效应对非指控公司的影响


摘要:关于不当行为的研究表明,对同行企业的指控会对非被指控企业产生负面后果(即“污名效应”)。然而,基于竞争动态的研究,本文推测,这种指控可能会对与这些同行竞争的非被指控企业产生积极影响(即“竞争效应”)。为了调和这两种相对立的观点,本文假设,污名效应会随着非被指控企业与其被指控同行之间的产品市场重叠度增加而加剧,直到某一临界点,超过该点后,积极的竞争效应会抵消负面影响。本文进一步推测,当投资者用于评估市场重叠度的市场分类越细化时,竞争效应会更加明显。因此,本文提出,依赖更细化市场分类的更为成熟的投资者,在非被指控企业与被指控同行的市场重叠度增加时,比不太成熟的投资者增加对非被指控企业的持股比例更大。利用产品和投资方面的详尽数据,本文分析了在其行业同行被指控财务不当行为之后,美国软件行业未被指控公司的投资者持股和股市回报,本文发现了对他们预测的支持。本文的研究阐明了同行不当行为后的污名效应与竞争效应之间的相互作用。


亮点(1)本文扩展了关于企业不当行为的研究。先前研究探讨了跨行业的“关联污名”效应。与此不同,本文研究了行业内部的溢出效应,并通过引入竞争效应推动了这一研究方向,同时展示了这两种效应如何随着非被指控企业与其被指控同行之间的市场重叠度而变化。通过调和关于财务不当行为影响的对立观点,本文揭示了非被指控企业之间的异质性。(2)本文发现了企业可能从同行的财务不当行为中获益的条件。这延伸了现有研究的边界,现有研究表明,当某个行为可以归因于被指控企业的特定特征时,往往会产生更积极的溢出效应。本文进一步指出,即使不当行为因为共同的行业特征而被概括化,它仍然可能因为削弱了被指控企业的竞争地位而带来正面的溢出效应。(3)本文推进了对行业类别的研究。研究证明了市场分类系统的颗粒度如何影响污名效应与竞争效应的相对强度:粗略分类(如广泛的行业类别)放大了污名效应,细粒度分类(如具体产品市场)使竞争效应更加可见且有影响力。这有助于解释为什么之前聚焦于广泛行业类别的研究主要发现的是负面溢出(4)为竞争动态研究做出了贡献。本文直接关注同行企业的财务不当行为这一非传统竞争行为。虽然这些行为不属于常规的竞争行为范畴,但研究发现它们对行业内其他公司的绩效有重要影响。特别是,研究强调了评估市场重叠的方法对理解这些影响至关重要,更精细的分析方法能更好地捕捉竞争效应。(5)研究揭示了投资者异质性的重要作用。更专业的投资者能够利用其卓越的行业专业知识来识别未被指控的公司,并投资于被指控同行的密切竞争对手。这一发现表明,同行企业财务不当行为的溢出效应是由企业间异质性和投资者异质性驱动的。


02

原文:Brown A B, Byard D, Darrough M, et al. The impact of M&A delistings on the information environment of industry peer firms[J]. Accounting Review, 2024, 99(2): 85-112.


The Impact of M&A Delistings on the Information Environment of Industry Peer Firms


ABSTRACT: The Impact of M&A Delistings on the Information Environment of Industry Peer Firms The Impact of M&A Delistings on the Information Environment of Industry Peer Firms This study documents that M&A delistings are associated with a deterioration in the quality of analysts information environment for industry peer firms, measured by an increase in analysts absolute forecast errors and dispersion. This effect persists for six quarters and is larger when the delisting target firm contributes relatively more to the industry information environment. Further, we find that, among analysts forecasting earnings for an industry peer firm, those who also followed the delisted target firm in the pre-M&A period experience a larger increase in their absolute forecast errors. A comparison based on public versus private target firms also suggests that the loss of target firms public disclosures plays a role in the deterioration in the quality of analysts information environment. In additional analyses, we find evidence consistent with this effect resulting from a deterioration in analysts ability to exploit across-firm information complementarities.


并购退市对同行企业信息环境的影响


摘要:这项研究记录发现,并购导致的退市会降低行业同行企业的分析师信息环境质量,这种降低表现为分析师绝对预测误差和预测分歧的增加。这种效应会持续六个季度,并且当退市目标公司对行业信息环境的贡献相对较大时,这种效应会更大。此外,研究发现,在预测同行企业盈利的分析师中,那些在并购前也曾跟踪退市目标公司的分析师,其绝对预测误差的增加幅度更大。通过比较上市目标公司和非上市目标公司的情况,研究表明目标公司失去公开披露的信息在分析师信息环境质量恶化中起了重要作用。在进一步的分析中,研究发现证据表明这种效应源于分析师利用跨企业信息互补性的能力下降。


亮点:(1)为并购(M&A)文献提供了新的证据。虽然之前有研究探讨并购的竞争溢出效应,本文发现了此前未被考虑的并购溢出效应:对上市同行企业的负面信息外部性。(2)补充了关于并购退市的经济后果的新证据。过去三十年来,并购退市导致美国资本市场上市公司数量急剧下降。这一发现非常重要,因为许多人担心上市公司数量下降可能会带来负面的市场信息效应。此前缺乏关于并购退市对市场整体信息影响的实证证据,而本文为这个问题提供了新的见解。(3)本文提供了关于分析师如何生成其覆盖范围特定信息的新见解。已有研究表明分析师为其跟踪的公司生成特定信息,这些信息不同于市场整体、个股特定或行业层面的信息。本文使用BKLS模型,证实并购退市与个别分析师对同行公司的特殊信息的精确度显著下降相关,但与共同信息精确度无关。


03

原文:Foroughi P, Marcus A J, Nguyen V, et al. Peer effects in corporate governance practices: Evidence from universal demand laws[J]. The Review of Financial Studies, 2022, 35(1): 132-167.


Peer Effects in Corporate Governance Practices: Evidence from Universal Demand Laws


ABSTRACT: Firms in the same networks tend to have similar corporate governance practices. However, disentangling peer effects, where governance practices propagate from one firm to another, from selection effects, where firms with similar preferences self-select into linked groups, is difficult to do. Studying board-interlocked firms, we utilize the staggered adoption of universal demand laws across states to identify and estimate causal peer effects in governance policies. We find support for the existence of peer effects in the adoption of antitakeover provisions. The impact of universal demand laws on the governance experience of interlocking directors likely explains these effects.


公司治理实践中的同群效应:来自普遍需求法的证据


摘要:同一网络中的公司往往有相似的公司治理实践。然而,将同群效应(治理实践从一个公司传播到另一家公司)与选择效应(具有相似偏好的公司自愿选择进入关联群体)区分开来是很困难的。通过研究董事会连锁公司,本文利用各州交错采用普遍需求法来识别和估计治理政策中的因果同群效应。本文发现证据支持反收购条款的采纳中存在同伴效应。普遍需求法对连锁董事治理经验的影响可能解释了这些效应的产生。


亮点:(1)首次提供了一个真正严谨的实证检验,证明了同群效应在企业治理中的存在。虽然之前的研究已经记录了相关公司之间治理实践的相关性,但很难确定这些模式是源于同行影响,还是仅仅因为具有相似偏好的公司选择相互关联。本文巧妙地利用各州错时采用普遍需求(UD)法作为自然实验,成功分离出了同群效应影响的因果效应。(2)论文确定了治理实践传播的具体机制——董事会连锁网络。本文表明,当在多个董事会任职的董事在一家公司经历法律环境变化(通过UD法案的采用)时,他们会将这些治理实践带到他们担任董事的其他公司,即使这些公司没有直接受到法律变化的影响。



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财会知微堂依托于厦门大学金融大数据研究中心,由游家兴教授及其团队负责运营,旨在分享财务与会计领域的学术前沿、理论思想与研究方法。
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