哪些人适合生孩子？
对试管婴儿的争议实际上是
关乎谁能组建家庭的问题。
September 26, 2024, 7:30 AM ET
In the days after former President Donald Trump declared that he’d make in vitro fertilization more accessible for Americans, the anti-abortion movement went to work. The activist Lila Rose urged her social-media followers not to vote for Trump, equating his enthusiasm for IVF with support for abortion. The Pro-Life Action League asked Trump to walk back his remarks, citing the “hundreds of thousands” of embryos that would be destroyed. Meanwhile, Kristan Hawkins, the president of Students for Life of America, tagged Trump’s running mate, J. D. Vance, in a social-media post arguing a different point: that the policy would “be encouraging families to delay childbirth.” Supporting IVF, in other words, would give women a free pass to put off child-rearing until they felt like it.
前总统唐纳德·特朗普宣布他将让美国人更容易做试管婴儿，几天后，反堕胎运动开始了。活动家莱拉·罗斯（Lila Rose）呼吁她的社交媒体粉丝不要给特朗普投票，将他对试管婴儿的狂热等同于对堕胎的支持。反堕胎行动联盟以 “成千上万”的胚胎将被销毁为由，要求特朗普收回他的言论。与此同时，美国学生生命组织主席克里斯汀·霍金斯（Kristan Hawkins）在社交媒体上发表了一篇文章，对特朗普的竞选伙伴J.D万斯（J. D. Vance）提出了不同的观点：该政策将 “鼓励家庭推迟生育”。换句话说，支持试管婴儿会给女性一张免费通行证，让她们延迟生育到自己有生育意愿的时候。
Anti-abortion groups have long had an uneasy relationship with IVF, because embryos are sometimes destroyed in the course of treatment, which is a problem if you believe that embryos are people. After Trump promised that he would make the government or insurers cover the cost of the procedure, though, a different anti-IVF argument has gained ground among some anti-abortion activists. IVF isn’t just destroying life, they say—it’s destroying the sanctity of the American nuclear-family unit.
长期以来，反堕胎组织反对试管婴儿，因为胚胎有时会在治疗过程中被销毁，如果你认为胚胎也是人的话，这就是个问题。不过，在特朗普承诺将由政府或保险公司支付手术费用后，另一种反试管婴儿观点在某些反堕胎人士中逐渐站稳脚跟。他们说，试管婴儿不仅仅是在摧毁生命，它还在摧毁美国核心家庭的神圣性。
The technological marvel of growing embryos in a petri dish has opened up biological parenthood to new groups of people, and not just those dealing with more traditional reproductive challenges. It’s helped enable a large cohort of women to have their first child in their late 30s and beyond. That change, alongside growing numbers of single women and LGBTQ couples seeking to have genetically related kids of their own, has helped fuel a veritable IVF boom. And IVF, in turn, has radically expanded the American notion of family beyond the default of mom, dad, and children.
在培养皿中培育胚胎的技术为新人群和生育困难的人提供了生儿育女的机会。它帮助大批女性在30多岁甚至更高龄生育第一个孩子。这一变化，加上越来越多的单身女性和性少数群体夫妻希望拥有自己的孩子，的确助推了试管婴儿潮。反过来，试管婴儿也从根本上扩展了美国人的家庭观念，使其不再局限于传统的父母和孩子的关系。
Some of the most vocal opponents of IVF also oppose that changing definition of family. After Trump’s endorsement of IVF for all, Katy Faust, an anti-abortion activist, posted on X that “when you vote to ‘protect’ or subsidize #IVF, you are endorsing the manufacture of intentionally fatherless and motherless children”—that is, she suggests, children whose parents are single or queer. Hawkins told me in an interview that waiting to have a child until it becomes biologically challenging is a choice women aren’t entitled to make, and going through IVF asserts the same problematic bodily autonomy that abortion does. “We’re commodifying children,” she said.
一些反对试管婴儿呼声最高的人也反对家庭定义的改变。在特朗普支持全民做试管婴儿后，反堕胎活动人士凯蒂·浮士德（Katy Faust）在推特上发帖称，“当你投票‘保护’或补助试管婴儿时，你就是在故意支持生育无父无母的孩子”——她认为，这就是支持单亲父母或同性恋的孩子。霍金斯在一次采访中告诉我，等有生育问题时再要孩子，这是女性无权做出的选择，试管婴儿和堕胎都是在维护身体自主权。她说：“我们正在把孩子商品化。”
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