錢鍾書著述所引拉丁語之中英譯文采輯
Suetonius 1《管錐編》
王依民 景默
說明:拉丁語作家的選擇,取決於采輯資源,是隨機的,待最後成書時,再按照年齒排列。錢著的次序,先是已經寫定出版的《管錐編》《談藝錄》等,這部份大都已有錢譯,有必要時采輯中英譯文,只算錦上添花;接下來是半成品的《容安館札記》,將有助於閱讀;最後是《外文筆記》(假如有的話),可供進一步參考。
Suetonius(Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus)
蘇偉東
(錢譯,見《管錐編》等。)
蘇維托尼烏斯
(通譯)
Suetonius,生活於公元一二世紀之交,具體年份有多種說法,Loeb叢書作者簡介中推測為77?69?至121以後。
《外文筆記》第30冊有The Lives of the Caesars(P658)、De Grammaticis(On Grammarians)(P585)、De Poetis(On Poets)(P686)。
采輯資源:Suetonius. The Lives of the Caesars, in Two Volumes, With an English Translation by J. C. Rolfe, Ph.D., “The Loeb Classical Library”雙語對照本, Harvard University Press, 1979. 其II包括De Grammaticis、De Poetis。以下簡稱“J. C. Rolfe英譯”。
蘇維托尼烏斯《羅馬十二帝王傳》,張竹明、王乃新、蔣平等譯,商務印書館2000年版。以下簡稱“張竹明等中譯”。
參考資源:The Lives of the Twelve Caesars, and The Lives of the Grammarians, Rhetoricians and Poets. tr. by Alexander Thomson, 古登堡數字圖書。
《管錐編》第一冊《易經》卷第1則
(正文)語出雙關,文藴兩意,乃詼諧之慣事,固詞章所優爲,義理亦有之。(注)西塞羅用一字(tollendum),兼“抬舉”與“遺棄”二意,同時合訓,即所謂明升暗降(中略);蘇偉東《羅馬十二帝傳》轉述此謔,僅以西塞羅原字限於“遺棄”之意,外加一字以示“抬舉”(ornandum tollendumque),即未著合訓之用也(Suetonius,II. xii,“The Loeb Classical Library”,I,136)。
◎《外文筆記》第30冊, Bk. II, §12. others had openly said that he ought to be honoured and got rid of [(p.136) alii ornandum tollendumque iactassent] (Cicero, Epist. II. XI. 20.1; according to Vell. Paterc. 2.62. Cicero punned on the double meaning of tollo, "raise" & "put out of the way.") 【① cf. Hegel a propos of "aufheben": "Der Doppelsinn des lateinischen: tollere (der durch Ciceronianischen Witz: tollendum esse Octavium, berühmt geworden) geht nicht so weit, die affirmative Bestimmung geht nur bis zum Emporheben." (Wissenschaft der Logik, Reclams "Universal-Bibliothek", Bd. I, s.125) 依民按,楊一之譯《邏輯學》,商務印書館1982年版上冊第98頁:拉丁“取”字(tollere)的雙關意義(由西塞羅“屋大維高升了”的雋語而著名),卻沒有這樣深遠,肯定的規定只不過達到上升而已。】
①【】括號內,表示錢先生在書眉書底等處的批注——混言之,統稱為“眉批”,今仿視昔犹今先生整理《容安館札記》和《中文筆記》的體例,將眉批鈔錄在【】中。
◎張竹明等中譯,p.52:而其他人则……公开主张给他荣誉,然后丢开他。
《管錐編》第一冊《易經》卷第5則
王安石謂“天變不足畏”,儒生輩大譁。《通鑑》後唐明宗長興三年康澄上書曰:“國家有不足懼者五,有深可畏者六。陰陽不調不足懼,三辰失行不足懼,……”已先安石而公言之矣。主政者不反躬自省,而殺人以當天變,中外古史數載其事。《後漢書‧董卓傳》:“時太史望氣,言當有大臣戮死者。卓乃使人誣衛尉張温……殺之以塞天變。”《魏書‧天象志》四:“延昌四年,月犯軒轅,女主應之,其後皇太后高尼崩於瑶光寺。……胡太后害高氏以厭天變。”蘇偉東《羅馬十二帝傳‧尼羅傳》:“彗星(stella crinata)連夕見,説者謂天象主國君將薨。帝憂焉,聞占星者巴比勒士(Babillus)言,殺顯貴(illustri)可厭之,乃下令盡誅大臣”(Suetonius,VI,xxxvi,Loeb,Vol. II,p.150)。如出一轍。君臣、主僕、上司下僚之間,覓諉過之人,有替死之鬼,本屬恒情常態,此則見諸迷信者耳。
◎J. C. Rolfe英譯,II, p.151:Those outside his family he assailed with no less cruelty. It chanced that a comet had begun to appear on several successive nights, a thing which is commonly believed to portend the death of great rulers. Worried by this, and learning from the astrologer Balbillus that kings usually averted such omens by the death of some distinguished man, thus turning them from themselves upon the heads of the nobles, he resolved on the death of all the eminent men of the State;
◎張竹明等中譯,p.249:彗星被人們普遍認爲是至高無上的統治者死亡的預兆,竟然連續數夜在天空中出現。這使尼祿惶恐不安。他從占星家巴爾比路斯那裏聽說,國王們通常用殺死一個名人的辦法祛除這種凶象,因爲這樣可以把這種凶象轉嫁給其他名人。于是他决心處死國家的所有名流。
《管錐編》第一冊《史記》卷第58則
(司馬遷《報任少卿書》“太史公牛馬走司馬遷再拜言”)“先馬走”猶後世所謂“馬前走卒”,即同書札中自謙之稱“下走”、“僕”耳。古羅馬貴者出門,亦有役使爲之開道,名曰“先走”(anteambulo),浸假而成詈人語,詩文中數見之。(注)Suetonius,The Lives of the Caesars,VIll. 2:“per contumeliam anteambulonem fratris appellat”,“Loeb”,II,284,note(Horace,Epist.,I. 17. 43;Martial,II,18. 5).
◎J. C. Rolfe英譯,II, p.285:… she constantly taunted him with being his brother's footman. p.284注此句:The anteambulo was the client who walked before his patron on the street and compelled people to make way for him ; cf. Mart. 2. 18. 5, tumidique anteambulo regis, where regis means “patron,” as in Hor. Epist. 1. 17. 43 and elsewhere. 依民按,注文中“tumidique anteambulo regis”,Loeb版Martial Epigrams,p.149,D.R. Shackleton Bailey英譯:… walking in front of my pompous patron.
◎張竹明等中譯,p.301:她經常駡他,說他成了自己兄弟的馬前卒。
《管錐編》第二冊《老子》卷第4則
(《老子》第五章:“天地不仁,以萬物爲芻狗;聖人不仁,以百姓爲芻狗”)聖人雖“聖”,亦“人”也;人有心也,其不仁也,或由麻木,而多出殘賊,以凶暴爲樂①。人與天地合德者,克去有心以成無心,消除有情而至“終無情”,悉化殘賊,全歸麻木。其受苦也,常人以爲不可堪,其施暴也,常人以爲何乃忍,而聖人均泰然若素,無動於中焉。斯多噶哲學家之“無感受”(參觀《周易》卷論《繫辭》之二),基督教神秘宗之“聖漠然”,與老子之“聖人不仁”,境地連類。
【增訂四】蘇偉東《羅馬十二帝傳》第四卷第二九節即記一暴君(Gaius Caligula)淫威虐政,不惜人言,自誇具有斯多噶派所謂“無感受”之美德,以飾其“不知愧怍”(inverecundia)(Suetonius,op. cit.,Vol. I,p.451)。
①《管錐編》原注:Cf. Pubilius Syrus,§128:“Crudelis lacrimis pascitur non frangitur”,Minor Latin Poets,“Loeb”,30(依民按P31英譯:Cruelty is fed, not broken, by tears);M. Scheler,Wesen und Formen der Sympathie 11(die Grausamkeit als eine Funktion des Nachfühlens)(依民按,Deepl翻譯:The Nature and Forms of Sympathy: cruelty as a function of empathy).
◎《外文筆記》第30冊,Bk. IV. §29. He said that there was nothing in his own character which he admired & approved more highly than what he called his "immobility", that is to say, his shamelessness [(p.450) Nihil magis in natura sua laudare se ac probare dicebat quam, ut ipsius verbo utar, ἀδιατρεψία,【a Stoic virtue which in Gains took the form of callous indifference to suffering & to public opinion.①】hoc est inverecundiam].
①基於原書p.450腳注a。
◎張竹明等中譯,p.172:他常說自己的秉性中沒有什麽比他稱之爲“無動于衷”的東西,也就是說他的厚顔無耻,更值得贊賞的。注:“無動于衷”(希臘文ἀδιατρεψία)是斯多噶哲學的美德,應用在卡里古拉身上就成了厚顔無耻(對輿論漠然視之)。——英譯者
《管錐編》第二冊《楚辭》卷第13則
按宋人詩話、筆記等記杜詩“身輕一鳥過”①,一本缺“過”字,“白鷗波浩蕩”,一本蝕“波”字,“林花著雨燕支濕”,題壁而“濕”字已漫漶,人各以意補之,及覩完本足文,皆爽然自失。(注)略似桓吉爾史詩遺稿缺而未完(inperfectos)之句,後人擱筆不能足成(Suetonius,De Poetis,II “Loeb”,II,478)。②
①所引杜詩分別為《送蔡希曾都尉還隴右因寄高三十五書記》(蔡希曾一作蔡希魯)、《奉贈韋左丞二十二韻》和《曲江對雨》(一作《曲江值雨》)。
②參看《外文筆記》Vergil [Vita Vergili]。
◎J. C. Rolfe英譯,II, p.479:However, Varius published the "Aeneid" at Augustus' request, making only a few slight corrections, and even leaving the incomplete lines just as they were. These last many afterwards tried to finish, but did not wholly succeed owing to the difficulty that nearly all his half-lines are complete in sense and meaning, except "Quem tibi iam Troia." p.478注:Aen. 3. 340. This is no real exception, for we probably have the line as Vergil intended to leave it. Andromache purposely avoids naming the amissae parentis (341). 依民按,Aeneid中的Quem tibi iam Troia…和amissae parentis,H. Rushton Fairclough英譯分別是:“Whom now, lo, when Troy…”和“lost mother”。
◎張竹明等中譯,p.374:應奧古斯都的要求,瓦列烏斯發表了《埃涅阿斯紀》,只稍作了一點修訂,甚至按原貌留下了不完整的詩行。後來有許多人試圖完成這些詩句,却都不很成功,因爲這些半行的詩句在意思上幾乎都是完整的,除了“Quem tibi iam Troia”。注:“你在特洛亞的那人……” 見《埃涅阿斯紀》III卷,340行。其實這也幷不是例外,很可能是維吉爾故意不把這句話寫完整的。安德羅瑪刻是在故意避免提起傷心事。——英譯者