錢鍾書著述所引拉丁語之中英譯文采輯
Suetonius 2《談藝錄》《容安館札記》
王依民 景默
《談藝錄》第39則、《容安館札記》第三冊第732則
（龔自珍）《人草稿》云：“陶師師媧皇，摶土戲為人。因念造物者，豈無屬稿辰。謚曰人草稿，禮之用上賓”；按甌北《十不全歌》云：“我讀《山海經》，人生初本無定形。臍為口無舌，乳為目無睛。天公見之不好看，逐件端相細改換。自從鑄成人樣子，化工能事始畢矣。何哉爾獨缺不完，縮長凸短雙必單。得非女媧摶土未定稿，千年拋落荒山道。”“人草稿”之名，疑自此出；“人樣子”一語，則本宋范稱《過庭錄》記狄詠事也。(《談藝錄》三聯書店2007年版pp.343-344）
【增訂】又按西方典籍亦每擬人之醜弊者為“草稿”、“未定稿”。如古羅馬一帝（Claudius）幼時愚陋多病，其母曰：“大自然造人，此兒乃其著手而未完工之品物也”。（eum hominis dictitabat，nec absolutum a natura，sed tantum incohatum）見Suetonius，V．3，Loeb，II，8。《十日談》記一姓人皆狀貌醜弊，或謔曰：“此姓之家世最古亦最貴。上帝造其姓人時，初學繪事，尚未解作人物畫也；及造他姓人，則後來已工丹青矣”。（E i Baronci sono più antichi che niuno altro uomo，si che son piú gentili．Voi dovete sapere che i Baronci furon fatti da Domenedio al tempo che egli avea cominciato d’apparare a dipingnere；ma gli altri uomini furon fatti poscia che Domenedio seppe dipingnere①）見Il Decamerone，VI，6，Hoepli，390-1；cf Bandello，Le Novelle，II，19，op．cit．，III，50：“il suo viso teneva un poco di quelli di Baronzi”②。《漢姆雷德》中王子斥下劣演員云：“其人似為大自然之學徒所造，手藝甚拙，象人之形而獰惡可憎”。（I have thought some of nature’s journeymen had made men，and not made them well，they imitated humanity so abominably–）見Hamlet，III．ii。稱醜人為“塗改狼藉之人草稿”，（un pentimento d’uomo，una donna brutta come un rimorso③）見D．Provenzal，Dizionanio dell immagini，144-5。亦常見近人著作中。（《談藝錄》p.346）
①依民按：Boccaccio Giovanni.The Decameron. G. H. McWilliam英譯: Since the Baronci are older than anyone else, they areipso facto more noble;… when the Lord God created the Baronci, He was still learning the rudiments of His craft, whereas He created the rest of mankind after He had mastered it.
②依民按：Deepl翻譯：The Novelle: his face held a little of Baronzi's.
③依民按：Deepl翻譯：Dictionary of Images: a man's repentance，a woman as ugly as remorse.
◎依民按：《容安館札記》第732則，Suetonius的這段話同時引用了拉丁文和英譯。
R. Bacchelli，Il mulino del Po：“La natura non si sapeva se avesse inteso di tirarlo su dritto per ingobbarlo，o gobbo per raddrizzarlo a metà dell’opera：un pentimento d’uomo”①（Ib.，p.114）. Cf. Maria Borgese，Le meraviglie crescono nell’orto：“una donna brutta come un rimorso”②；G. Manzini，Tempo innamorato：“Era simile a una poesia scritta male，su una cartaccia，con molti sbagli”③；G. Marotta，inCor. d. Sera，23 ott. 1950：“Chi mi disegno in un momento di cattivo umore certo mi butto via stizzito：ma，invece che nel cestino，cadi nel mondo”④（Ib.，p.115）. The idea is as old as Decamerone，VI. 6：“... i Baronci furon fatti da Domenedio al tempo che egli avea cominciato d’apparare a dipignere”ecc.（ed. Ulrico Hoepli，pp.390-1）；see Hamlet，III. ii：“O，there be players that... have so strutted & bellowed that I have thought some of Nature’s journeymen had made men & not made them well...” Cf. Bandello，Novelle，III，p.50. Cf.《甌北詩鈔》七古卷一《十不全歌》：“得非女媧摶土未定稿”；《定庵古今體詩》卷上《人草稿》：“因念造物者，豈無屬稿辰。”【John Earle，Microcosmography，“Acquaintance”：“Is the first draught of a friend”；Edith Sitwell，Taken Care Of，p.42：“Though Dorothy Parker was of completely contemporary human origin，yet she aroused in me the conjecture that the Almighty had been trying on her His apprentice hand.”】【Henri Bauche，Le Langage populaire，p.132：“Va dire à ta mère qu’elle te refasse! = tu es laid...”⑤】【Suetonius，V. iii，Claudius’s mother called him“a monster of a man，not finished，but merely begun by Dame Nature”：“eum hominis dictitabat，nec absolutum a natura，sed tantum incohatum”（Loeb，II，p.8）.】【“Paul Bourget a coutume de dire que les grands écrivain s généralement un double inferior，qui les précede comme si la nature avait dû se reprendre à deux fois pour mettre au monde des cerveaux si puissants. Ainsi Ratron est le pithécanthrope de Corneille，Auguste Lafontaine celui de Stendhal. Et Balzac aussi a le sien，qui est Restif de la Bretonne”⑥（É. Henriot，Les Livres du second rayon，p.299）.】
①依民按：Deepl翻譯：The Po Mill: Nature did not know whether it had intended to pull him up straight to hunch him，or hunchback him to straighten him out in the middle of the work：a man's repentance.
②依民按：Deepl翻譯：Wonders grow in the garden: a woman as ugly as a remorse.
③依民按：Deepl翻譯：Time in love: It was similar to a poorly written poem，on bad paper，with many mistakes.
④依民按：Deepl翻譯：Whoever draws me in a bad mood sure I throw myself away stymied：but，instead of in the basket，cocks in the world.
⑤依民按：Deepl翻譯：The Popular language: Go tell your mother to make you over! = you're ugly...
⑥依民按：Deepl翻譯：Books in the second aisle: Paul Bourget used to say that great writers usually have a double inferior，who precedes them, as if nature had had to work twice to bring such powerful brains into the world. Thus Ratron is Corneille，Auguste Lafontaine Stendhal's pithecanthrope. And Balzac too has his，who is Restif de la Bretonne.
◎《外文筆記》第30冊,Bk. V.§3. His mother Antonia often called him "a monster of a man, not finished but merely begun by Dame Nature" [(p.8) eum hominis dictitabat，nec absolutum a natura，sed tantum incohatum]【cf.Decamerone, VI. 6;Hamlet, III.ii;龔定厂《人草稿》(See日札七三二則on D. Provenzal,Dig. d. Immag①, p.114. R. Bacchelli ("un pentimento d'uomo")】
①Dizionano dell immagini的簡稱。見上引《談藝錄》末。其所引下半句，在《容安館札記》中標為Maria Borgese語。
◎張竹明等中譯，p.194：他母親安東尼婭常稱他爲“只被自然開始而未被自然完成的怪人”。
《容安館札記》第210則
（Athenaeus，The Deipnosophists,第五冊）Bk. XII. 535：Pherecrates：“For although Alcibiades is not a man，yet he is today the one man of all the women.”(p.417) Gulick 註引Diog. Laert. iv. 49①；Suetonius，Iul. 52；Cic. Verr. ii. 78 (192)②。按 The Greek Anthology，Bk. X，272：“The Cinaedi denied their manhood & did not become women，nor were they born men，as they have suffered what women do；nor are they women，since a man’s nature was theirs. They are men to women & women to men.”(Eng. tr. W.R. Paton，“The Loeb Classical Library”，IV，p.199) Diog. Laert.：“When he was a young boy he lured husbands away from their wives，but when he was a young man he lured wives away from their husbands.”尤可與 Lucian，A True Story論月中人云：“They marry men & do not even know woman at all! Up to the age of 25 each is a wife，& thereafter a husband.”(“The Loeb Classical Library”，tr. A.M. Harmon，I，p.275)參觀。馮夢龍《山歌》卷五《姹童》按語云：“張伯起先生有所歡，既婚而瘦，贈以歌云：‘個樣新郎忒煞矬，看看面上肉無多。思量家公真難做，弗如依舊做家婆。’俊絕，一時誦之。”亦其類也。
①依民按：Diogenes Laertius.Lives of the Eminent Philosophers. R. D. Hicks英譯: He(Bion) even abused Socrates, declaring that, if he felt desire for Alcibiades and abstained, he was a fool; if he did not, his conduct was in no way remarkable.…He said in censure of Alcibiades that in his boyhood he drew away the husbands from their wives, and as a young man the wives from their husbands.
②依民按：Cicero.In Verrem (Against Gaius Verres)in Delphi版Complete Works of Cicero. C. D. Yonge英譯：But a man more inactive, more lazy, one who is more a man among women, a debauched woman among men, cannot be found.
◎《外文筆記》第30冊,Bk. I.§52：elder Curio calls him "every woman's man & every man's woman." [(p.72) Curio pater… eum… omnium mulierum virum et omnium virorum mulierem appellat.]【The Greek Anthology, Bk XI, no 272 (Loeb, Vol. IV, p.199): The Cinaedi "are men to women & women to men."; Diogenes Laertius, Bk. IV. 49 (Loeb, Vol.I, p.427) Bion "censure of Alcibiades that in his boyhood he drew away the husbands from their wives, & as a young man the wives from their husbands."】
◎張竹明等中譯，p.27：老庫里奧……稱愷撒是“所有女人的男人和所有男人的女人”。
《容安館札記》第627則
（第2條，前略）…but cf. Nicarchus in Greek Anthology，XI. CCCXCV：“A fart which cannot find an outlet kills many a man；a fart also saves，sending forth its lisping music”(“The Loeb Classical Library”，IV，p.261；cf. Le Quart Livre，ch. 17：“Plus de celluy honteux lequel，par retenir son vent et default de peter un meschant coup，subitement mourut en la presence de Claudius”①— op.cit.，IV，p.84—an exaggeration of a passage in Suetonius，Claudius，32）.
①依民按Francois Rabelais.Gargantua and Pantagruel. The Fourth Book. Sir Thomas Urquhart of Cromarty and Peter Antony Motteux英譯: Nor at the death of that bashful fool, who by holding in his wind, and for want of letting out a bum-gunshot, died suddenly in the presence of the Emperor Claudius.
◎《外文筆記》第30冊,Bk. V.§32.He is even said to have thought of an edict allowing the privilege of breaking wind quietly or noisily at table, having learned of a man who ran some risk by restraining himself through modesty [(p.62) Dicitur etiam meditatus edictum, quo veniam daret flatum crepitumque ventris in convivio emittendi, cum periclitatum quendam prae pudore ex continentia repperisset].【cf.《法苑珠林》卷一一三①、《紫桃軒三筆》卷四。The Greek Anthology, Bk XI, no.395 ("Loeb", Vol.VI, p.261,) Nicarchus:（王按：引文見《容安館札記》第627則，略）Metroclus inDiogenes Laertius, VI. 24 (Loeb, II, p.97②); Rabelais,Le Quart Livre, ch. 17：（王按：引文見《容安館札記》第627則，略）(Oeuv. Comp., ed J. Plattard, IV，p.84】
①依民按：《管錐編》第二冊《太平廣記》卷第105則：《法苑珠林》卷一一三引《毗尼母經》所云：“不得放下風出聲。”
②《外文筆記》第34冊p.454跳接p.456（455插入另頁）: Hetrocles had been formerly a pupil of Theophrastus, and had been so far corrupted by weakness that, when he made a breach of good manners in the course of rehearsing a speech, it drove him to despair, and he shut himself up at home, intending to starve himself to death. On learning this Crates, after advisedly making a meal of lupins, tried to persuade him that he had committed no crime, for a prodigy would have happened if he had not taken the natural means of relieving himself.
◎張竹明等中譯，p.213：據說他甚至想過發布一項特別的通告，允許宴會上放屁，因爲他知道有人由于不好意思忍得生了病。
《容安館札記》第798則
（《紅樓夢》）第一百二十回襲人嫁城南蔣家一節。按與第九十七回黛玉焚稿一節，皆蘭墅續書中最警策之文。黛玉焚稿，寫厭生者之心堅意決。身亡命絕，而亦求聲名俱滅，神理不存。斬葛斷藤，燒灰揚燼。王彥章曰：“豹死留皮，人死留名。”耽詞章者，臨歿而摧燒生平吟咏，則皮之不存，才魄妖魂離散浮沉。【《儒林外史》20回牛布衣臨歿以兩本詩交老和尚：“替我流傳，死也瞑目！”Virgil 臨沒而欲焚Aeneid稿 （igitur in extrema valetudine assidue scrinia desideravit，crematurus ipse— Suetonius，De Poetis，“Vita Vergili”，Suetonius，“Loeb”，II，p.478），則“良工不示人以璞”，出於矜惜其名。】借但丁語，謂之一死而兼“第二死”（la seconda morte—Inferno，I. 117）①可也。襲人嫁夫，寫忍死者之意轉心回。委蛇迤邐，情逐事遷，由忍死而不忍死，漸易初衷，仍萌故態。使四十回中更多此類筆墨，則曹規高隨，庶乎可爾。
①視昔犹今注：黃國彬譯但丁《神曲‧地獄篇》第一章：“第二次死亡”。
◎視昔犹今注（依民按：即J. C. Rolfe英譯，II，p.479）：“Therefore in his mortal illness Vergil constantly called for his book-boxes，intending to burn the poem himself.”
◎張竹明等中譯，p.373：在病終前，維吉爾曾一再要取他的書箱，想親手焚毀詩稿。
