不容忽视！提问质量——英语教师教学能力的隐形试金石
文摘
2024-10-13 11:40
广西
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英语教学中，提问不仅是师生互动的桥梁，更是激发学生思维、促进学生语言能力发展的核心动力。一个优秀的英语教师，其提问能力往往直接决定了课堂的教学效果与学生的学习成效。在英语课堂上，为什么有的老师提问就像魔法棒，让学生眼睛一亮，抢着回答；而有的老师呢，提问就像小雨滴，轻轻落下，激不起啥浪花？关键在于提问的艺术和用心。厉害的英语老师，他们的问题就像探险地图上的宝藏标记，既有趣又充满挑战。比如，“If you were a superhero, what power would
you want and why?”这样的问题，让学生脑洞大开，不仅练习了英语，还激发了创造力和想象力。他们懂得用生活中的例子、热门话题或学生的兴趣点来包装问题，让英语学习变得生动有趣。反观一些老师，可能提问时比较随意，问题要么太简单（“What's the color of the sky?”），学生不用思考就能答；要么太复杂，让学生望而却步。这样的提问缺乏层次和深度，自然激不起学生的回答欲望。高质量的英语问题，就像是一剂催化剂，能让课堂活起来，学生动起来，让英语学习不再枯燥，而是充满乐趣和成就感。我们将从提问的重要性、存在的问题、问题类型、提问技巧以及阅读教学中提问的应用等几个方面，深入探讨英语教师如何掌握这一重要教学基本功。提问，作为课堂教学的基本手段之一，其重要性不言而喻。无论是在阅读课、听说课、语音课、词汇课、语法课、复习课还是试卷讲评课中，教师的提问都是激活学生思维、引导学生探索知识的关键。有效的提问能够激发学生的好奇心，促使学生主动思考，从而加深对语言知识的理解与掌握。同时，通过提问，教师还能及时了解学生的学习状况，调整教学策略，实现因材施教。1. 提问方式单调，以“群问群答”为主：“群问群答”即教师提出问题后，学生集体回答，表面上看似热闹，实则效率低下。例如，教师问：“What's the main idea of the passage?”学生齐声回答，但往往只有少数学生真正思考并理解了问题，多数学生只是随声附和。2. 提问缺少层次感：忽视由浅入深、循序渐进的提问原则。如直接让学生回答一般疑问句“Do you like reading?”而未先通过特殊疑问句“What kind of books do you like reading?”引导学生深入思考。3. 问题质量不高：问题难度与文本内容不匹配，要么过于简单，无法激发学生的思考兴趣；要么过于复杂，超出学生当前的知识水平。4. 缺乏合理问题后的停顿时间：对于深层次问题，教师未能给予学生足够的思考时间，导致学生回答仓促，影响回答质量。5. 提问针对性不强：未能根据学生的不同水平设计差异化问题，导致部分学生感觉问题过于简单或过于困难。6. 忽视倾听能力培养：课堂上，部分学生注意力不集中，认为同学的回答与自己无关，缺乏倾听习惯的培养。7. 忽略评价环节：提问后，教师往往只关注答案的正确性，而忽视了对学生回答过程的评价，以及引导学生对同学回答进行评价的机会。1. 记忆性问题：如“What's the name of the protagonist in the
story?”2. 理解性问题：如“What does the author mean by saying 'life
is like a box of chocolates'?”3. 应用性问题：如“Use the new vocabulary to make a sentence.”4. 分析性问题：如“Analyze the structure of the sentence and
explain its function.”5. 评价性问题：如“Do you agree with the author's opinion? Why
or why not?”6. 创造性问题：如“Imagine you were the character, how would
you solve the problem?”英语教师需要掌握多种适用于不同课型的提问技巧，并根据实际情况灵活运用这些技巧以提高课堂教学效果并激发学生的学习兴趣和思维能力。（1）目的性：每次发问都应有明确的目的，如引起学生注意、强调重点、激发或引导学生思考，这些都需要符合教学目标的需要。（2）准确性：问题应衡情酌理，把握事物本质和因果关系，避免大而空的问题，确保问题的具体性和针对性。（3）条理性：提问应思路明确，由已知到未知，由近及远、由表及里、由此及彼地有序进行，保持问题的逻辑性和连贯性。（4）启发性：问题应能引导学生思维，激发学生的心智活动，由浅入深、由易到难，逐步引导学生得出结论。（5）多样性：创造性地运用多种功能类别的提问，如推理性提问、创造性提问等，并灵活运用各种句式的提问，增强问题的多样性和趣味性。（6）普遍性：提问应面向全班各种程度、各种位置的学生，确保每个学生都有参与的机会。（7）选择性：根据问题的难易、复杂程度选择不同的学生回答问题，先向全班学生提问，再选择学生回答。（a）启发式提问：在听音前给学生一、两个问题，引起学生的兴趣和求知欲，使学生带着问题去听，提高听力的目的性和效果。（b）反馈性提问：根据学生的听力反馈，及时调整提问内容和难度，帮助学生克服听力中的困难，掌握听力技巧。（a）鼓励性提问：以鼓励性为主、鞭策性为辅，对学生的大胆发言进行积极鼓励，提高学生的学习兴趣和主动性。（b）分层提问：根据学生的英语水平进行分层提问，将难度较高的问题提问给英语水平较好的学生，将难度较低的问题提问给英语水平较差的学生，确保每个学生都能参与并有所收获。（c）小组讨论：将学生以小组为单位进行分类，通过小组讨论和合作来回答问题，提高学生的沟通能力和团队合作精神。（a）认知记忆性提问：针对文章中的词汇、语法、语音等语言材料进行记忆性重述的提问，帮助学生巩固基础知识。（b）推理性提问：引导学生对文章内容进行分析、比较和归纳，得出某一语言规则的结论或某课文内容的总结。（c）评价性提问：根据标准对文章的形式或内容进行评价判断或选择，培养学生的批判性思维能力。（a）引导性提问：在写作前通过一系列问题引导学生思考写作主题、结构和内容，帮助学生理清写作思路。（b）反馈性提问：在写作后通过提问收集学生的反馈意见，了解学生在写作过程中遇到的问题和困难，以便进行针对性的指导和帮助。（1）提问时机：抓住合适的提问时机，如课堂之初、内容转折处或学生注意力分散时，以吸引学生的注意力并引导其深入思考。（2）问题清晰：问题应表述清晰、明确，避免模糊或笼统的问题，使学生能够准确理解并回答。（3）反馈及时：对学生的回答给予及时、准确的反馈，肯定学生的正确回答并指出错误之处，帮助学生纠正并巩固知识。（4）延时回答：当学生对问题感到困惑时，教师不急于给出答案，而是通过转问其他学生或提供线索，引导学生进一步思考。（5）互动问答模式：“你问我答”、“我问你答”、“你问他答”、“她问你答”等，增强课堂互动性，提升学生参与度。（6）态度亲切：提问时态度应亲切、和蔼，营造和谐的课堂氛围，使学生感到被尊重和鼓励。以一篇关于环保的说明文为例，教师可以设计以下问题：1. 导入阶段（记忆性问题）：“What is the topic of the passage?”2. 细节理解（理解性问题）：“What are the main causes of environmental
pollution mentioned in the passage?”3. 深度分析（分析性问题）：“How does the author use specific examples
to support his argument?”4. 应用拓展（应用性问题）：“What actions can we take in our daily life
to protect the environment?”5. 批判性评价（评价性问题）：“Do you think the author's suggestions are
practical? Why or why not?”6. 创意想象（创造性问题）：“Imagine you are the mayor of a city, what
innovative solutions would you propose to address the environmental issues?”通过这样的提问设计，教师不仅能够全面覆盖文本内容，还能有效激发学生的思维能力，促进其语言技能与综合素质的全面提升。六、根据文本教师如何提出各类问题以及如何引导学生探索答案示例：Reading is a
powerful tool that has the ability to transform lives. It opens doors to new
worlds, expands our knowledge, and enriches our imagination. From ancient times
to the present day, books have been the primary source of learning and
inspiration for countless individuals.Firstly, reading
improves cognitive abilities. Studies have shown that regular reading can
increase vocabulary, improve memory, and enhance comprehension skills. As we
delve into a book, our brains are forced to process new information, which
strengthens neural connections and promotes mental agility.Secondly, reading
fosters empathy. By stepping into the shoes of characters in stories, we gain a
deeper understanding of human emotions and experiences. This helps us develop a
more compassionate outlook towards others, fostering a sense of community and
connection.Furthermore,
reading is a great stress reliever. Escaping into a good book can provide a
temporary respite from the pressures of daily life. It allows us to unwind, relax,
and recharge our batteries.Lastly, reading
encourages creativity. Books inspire us to think outside the box, stimulating
our imaginations and nurturing our creative spirits. Many famous artists,
writers, and scientists credit their success to the countless hours they spent
reading as children.In conclusion, the
benefits of reading are numerous and far-reaching. It is a simple yet profound
activity that can have a transformative impact on our lives. So, pick up a book
today and embark on a journey of discovery, learning, and growth.阅读是一种强大的工具，能够改变生活。它为我们打开新世界的大门，扩展我们的知识，丰富我们的想象力。从古至今，书籍一直是无数个人学习和灵感的主要来源。首先，阅读能提高认知能力。研究表明，定期阅读可以增加词汇量，改善记忆力，并提高理解能力。当我们深入阅读一本书时，我们的大脑被迫处理新信息，这加强了神经连接，促进了思维敏捷性。其次，阅读培养同理心。通过站在故事中人物的角度，我们更深入地理解人类的情感和经历。这有助于我们培养对他人的同情心，促进社区感和联系感。此外，阅读是极好的减压方式。沉浸在一本好书中可以暂时缓解日常生活的压力。它让我们放松身心，重新充电。最后，阅读激发创造力。书籍激励我们跳出常规思维，刺激我们的想象力，滋养我们的创造精神。许多著名的艺术家、作家和科学家都将他们的成功归功于儿时阅读的无数小时。总之，阅读的好处是数不胜数且影响深远的。它是一种简单却深刻的活动，能够对我们的生活产生变革性的影响。所以，今天就拿起一本书，开始一段发现、学习和成长的旅程吧。Question 1(Leading-in): What is the main idea of the passage?Correct Answer:The main idea is that reading has many benefits that can transform lives.Incorrect Answer:The passage talks about the history of books.Teacher's
Guidance: Let's look at the first sentence. It tells us that reading is a
powerful tool that can transform lives. This sets the tone for the rest of the
article.Question 2 (Detail
Comprehension): Name one cognitive ability that reading improves.Correct Answer:Reading improves vocabulary, memory, or comprehension skills.Incorrect Answer:Reading improves physical strength.Teacher's
Guidance: Let's find the sentence that mentions cognitive abilities. It says,
"Studies have shown that regular reading can increase vocabulary, improve
memory, and enhance comprehension skills."Question 3(Inference): How does reading foster empathy?Correct Answer:By stepping into the shoes of characters in stories, we gain a deeper
understanding of human emotions and experiences.Incorrect Answer:Reading teaches us math skills.Teacher's
Guidance: Consider how you feel when you read about a character's struggles or
joys. It helps us connect with them on an emotional level.Question 4(Application): Can you give an example of how reading can be a stress reliever?Correct Answer:Reading a book can provide a temporary escape from daily pressures, allowing us
to relax and unwind.Incorrect Answer:Reading makes us more stressed.Teacher's
Guidance: Think about a time when you were feeling overwhelmed and how reading
a book helped you feel better.Question 5 (Critical
Thinking): Why is creativity mentioned as a benefit of reading?Correct Answer:Reading inspires us to think outside the box, stimulating our imaginations and
nurturing our creative spirits.Incorrect Answer:Creativity has nothing to do with reading.Teacher's Guidance:Remember, books often take us to fantastical places and introduce us to new
ideas. This encourages us to be more creative in our own thinking.Question 6(Conclusion): How does the author conclude the passage?Correct Answer:The author concludes by emphasizing the numerous and far-reaching benefits of
reading and encouraging readers to pick up a book.Incorrect Answer:The author concludes by criticizing those who don't read.Teacher's
Guidance: Look at the last sentence. It summarizes the main points and
encourages action.Through this
reading comprehension exercise, I observed that students had varying levels of comprehension.
Some struggled with identifying the main idea and making inferences, while
others excelled in applying the information to real-life situations. This
highlights the importance of differentiating instruction and providing targeted
support for each student's needs.Future lessons
will include more explicit instruction on reading strategies, such as skimming
and scanning for main ideas, and more opportunities for students to practice
these skills in small groups or individually. Additionally, I will incorporate
more critical thinking questions to encourage deeper analysis and understanding
of the text.通过这次阅读理解练习，我观察到学生们有不同层次的理解能力。一些学生在识别主旨和进行推断方面遇到困难，而另一些学生则擅长将信息应用到现实情境中。这凸显了差异化教学和对每个学生需求提供针对性支持的重要性。未来的课程中将包括更明确的阅读策略指导，如快速浏览和扫读以找出主旨，以及为学生提供更多在小组或个人中练习这些技能的机会。此外，我还将融入更多批判性思维问题，以鼓励学生对文本进行更深入的分析和理解。提问，作为英语教学中的一门艺术，需要教师不断地实践与反思。通过精心设计问题、灵活运用提问技巧、注重培养学生的倾听与评价能力，英语教师能够构建出更加生动、高效的课堂，为学生的英语学习之路铺设坚实的基石。
