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Inflammation-causing fatty molecules typically contained in highly processed foods appear at elevated levels in colorectal tumours, scientists have found, pointing to a potential link between US diets and a common cancer.
科学家发现，高度加工食品中通常含有的引发炎症的脂肪分子在结直肠肿瘤中的含量高于正常水平，这表明美式饮食与一种常见癌症之间存在潜在联系。
The research provides a possible biological mechanism in support of previous work suggesting high consumption of so-called ultra-processed foods is associated with increased colorectal cancer risks.
这项研究提供了一种可能的生物学机制以支持先前的研究，即大量摄入所谓的超加工食品与患结直肠癌风险增加有关。
The latest study published in the journal Gut on Tuesday adds to research suggesting links between UPFs and a range of health problems.
本周二发表在《肠道》(Gut)杂志上的这项最新研究支撑了之前的研究结果，即超加工食品与一系列健康问题之间存在联系。
第一，学习tumour的用法。这个词做名词，表示a mass of diseased cells in your body that have divided and increased too quickly，肿瘤，例：a brain tumour 脑瘤
第二，学习guts的用法。这个词做名词，表示all the organs in someone’s body, especially when they have come out of their body，内脏，例：There were blood and guts all over the place. 满地都是血和内脏器官。也可表示the tube through which food passes from your stomach，肠，肠道，例：It can take 72 hours for food to pass through the gut. 食物通过肠道有时需要72个小时。
“Cancer is like a chronic wound that won’t heal,” said Timothy Yeatman, co-author of the paper and professor of surgery at the University of South Florida.
该论文的合著者、南佛罗里达大学外科学教授蒂莫西•耶特曼说：“癌症就像一个无法愈合的慢性伤口。”
“If your body is living off . . . ultra-processed foods, its ability to heal that wound decreases due to the inflammation and suppression of the immune system that ultimately allows the cancer to grow.”
“如果你的身体靠……超加工食品维系，由于炎症和免疫系统受到抑制，它愈合伤口的能力会下降，最终导致肿瘤生长。”
The researchers focused on trace amounts of small molecules known as lipids in 162 samples taken from cancer patients at Tampa General Hospital. The tumours were frozen within half an hour of removal and taken for analysis.
研究人员重点研究了从坦帕综合医院癌症患者身上采集的162份样本中被称为脂质的微量小分子。肿瘤在切除半小时内被冷冻并进行分析。
第一，学习chronic的用法。这个词做形容词，表示a chronic disease or illness is one that continues for a long time and cannot be cured，〔疾病〕慢性的，长期的，例：chronic arthritis 慢性关节炎
第二，学习inflammation的用法。这个词做名词，表示swelling and pain in part of your body, which is often red and feels hot，发炎，炎症，例：inflammation of the colon 结肠炎
第三，学习lipid的用法。这个词做名词，表示one of several types of FATTY substances in living things, such as fat, oil, or WAX，脂质〔如脂肪、油或蜡〕。
The samples contained higher levels than in healthy tissue adjacent to the tumours of lipids that cause inflammation and are common in highly processed foods. High levels of UPF consumption in the US on average meant it was reasonable to assume the lipids observed in the study came from the diet, Yeatman said.
样本中的脂质含量高于肿瘤附近健康组织中的含量，脂质会引起炎症，在高度加工食品中很常见。Yeatman说，美国平均较高水平的超加工食品消费意味着可以合理地假设研究中观察到的脂质来自饮食。
The researchers further observed in the tumours a lack of the types of lipids that would have helped reduce inflammation, such as those found in fish and walnuts.
研究人员进一步观察到这些肿瘤中缺乏有助于减少炎症的脂质类型，如鱼类和核桃中的脂质。
“A human’s immune system can be extremely powerful and drastically impact the tumour micro-environment, which is great if harnessed correctly for health and wellness,” Yeatman said. “But not if it’s suppressed by inflammatory lipids from processed foods.”
Yeatman说：“人类的免疫系统可以非常强大，并对肿瘤微环境产生巨大影响，如果正确利用，对健康是非常有益的。但如果它被加工食品中引发的炎症脂质所抑制，那就不行了。”
第一，学习adjacent的用法。这个词做形容词，表示a room, building, piece of land etc that is adjacent to something is next to it，邻近的，毗连的，例：We stayed in adjacent rooms. 我们住在毗连的房间里。
第二，学习drastic的用法。这个词做形容词，表示extreme and sudden，激烈的，严厉的；突然的，例：NATO threatened drastic action if its terms were not met. 如果条件得不到满足，北约威胁将要采取严厉的行动。
第三，学习harness的用法。这个词作及物动词，表示to control and use the natural force or power of something，控制[利用]〔自然力等〕，例：We can harness the power of the wind to generate electricity. 我们可以利用风力发电。
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, with 1.9mn new cases and 900,000 deaths in 2022 in the 185 countries covered by the World Health Organization’s Global Cancer Observatory. Colorectal cancer rates among under-55s have been rising by between 1 and 2 per cent a year since the mid-1990s, according to the American Cancer Society.
结直肠癌是全球第三大常见癌症，在世界卫生组织的全球癌症观察站覆盖的185个国家中，2022年有190万新增病例，90万人死亡。根据美国癌症协会的数据，自20世纪90年代中期以来，55岁以下人群的结直肠癌发病率每年上升1%至2%。
The latest paper builds on a 2022 study which found that high consumption of UPFs by men was associated with a greater risk of colorectal cancer. Certain subgroups of UPFs were associated with an increased risk in women.
这篇最新论文建立在2022年一项研究的基础上，该研究发现男性摄入大量超加工食品与患结直肠癌风险增加有关。某些种类的超加工食品与女性患癌风险增加有关。
While there is no generally agreed definition of UPFs, they refer broadly to foods formulated with high levels of substances such as fats, salt and sugars that make them attractive to consumers. The food industry has hit back at research suggesting relationships between UPFs and various health conditions, saying there is a lack of evidence to prove causal links.
虽然对超加工食品没有普遍认同的定义，但它们泛指加工过程中加入大量脂肪、盐和糖等物质的食品，这些物质使它们对消费者具有吸引力。食品行业对显示超加工食品与各种疾病之间存在关系的研究进行了反击，称缺乏证据证明存在因果关系。
The debate will be even higher on the public health and political agenda should Robert Kennedy be confirmed as secretary of health and human services in the incoming administration of president-elect Donald Trump. Kennedy has blamed the food industry for surging obesity rates.
如果罗伯特•肯尼迪在候任总统唐纳德•特朗普即将上台的政府中被确认担任卫生与公众服务部长，这场辩论将在公共卫生和政治议程上变得更加激烈。肯尼迪将肥胖率飙升归咎于食品行业。
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