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South Korea has been thrown into political turmoil by President Yoon Suk Yeol’s failed attempt to impose martial law.
韩国总统尹锡悦(Yoon Suk Yeol)试图实施戒严令未果，令韩国陷入政治动荡。
In an unscheduled broadcast late on Tuesday night, Yoon announced he was imposing a state of martial law. He accused the leftwing opposition majority in parliament of paralysing state activities and harbouring North Korean sympathies.
在周二深夜的一次计划外广播中，尹锡悦宣布实施戒严令。他指责在议会占多数的左翼反对党导致国家活动瘫痪并对朝鲜持同情态度。
After South Korean troops stormed the National Assembly and skirmished with protesters and legislative aides, lawmakers voted to revoke the order. Yoon withdrew his decree hours later.
在韩国军队冲入国会并与抗议者和议员助理发生冲突后，议员们投票决定撤销戒严令。几小时后，尹锡悦撤回了戒严令。
第一，学习turmoil的用法。这个词做名词，表示a state of confusion, excitement, or anxiety，混乱，骚乱，动乱，常用搭配为political / emotional / economic / religious etc turmoil，例：the prospect of another week of political turmoil 政治动乱还要持续一周的可能
第二，学习martial的用法。这个词做形容词，表示connected with war and fighting，军事的；战争的，例：martial music 军乐
第三，学习decree的用法。这个词做名词，表示an official order or decision, especially one made by the ruler of a country，〔尤指由国家统治者颁布的〕政令，法令，例：The Emperor issued the decree repealing martial law. 皇帝下诏令取消了军事管制。
While the president’s office has defended the troop deployment to parliament, opposition parties have started a process to impeach Yoon and remove him from office, saying his action was unwarranted and amounted to “treason”.
虽然总统办公室为向议会部署军队的行为进行了辩护，但反对党已经启动了弹劾尹锡悦并将其免职的程序，称他的行为毫无道理，相当于“叛国”。
How does the impeachment process work?
弹劾程序如何进行？
The South Korean constitution stipulates that an impeachment vote must be passed by a two-thirds majority in the 300-seat National Assembly.
韩国宪法规定，弹劾投票必须在300席的国会中以三分之二的多数获得通过。
Having submitted their impeachment motion to parliament, opposition lawmakers are holding hearings and questioning senior military officials and ministers. Lawmakers plan to hold the vote at 7pm on Saturday.
在向议会提交弹劾动议后，反对派议员正在举行听证会，并对高级军事官员和部长进行质询。议员计划于周六晚7点举行投票。
第一，学习unwarranted的用法。这个词做形容词，表示done without good reason, and therefore annoying，无正当理由的，例：unwarranted interference 无理干涉
第二，学习amount to的用法。这个词组表示if an attitude, remark, situation etc amounts to something, it has the same effect，等于，相当于，例：The court’s decision amounts to a not guilty verdict. 法庭的裁决等于是宣判无罪。
第三，学习impeachment的用法。这个词做名词，表示if a government official is impeached, they are formally charged with a serious crime in a special government court，弹劾〔政府官员〕，例：The governor was impeached for using state funds improperly. 州长因违规使用州政府资金而受到弹劾。
If an impeachment motion is passed, it must then be approved by the country’s Constitutional Court. In the meantime, the president is suspended from duties, and authority is passed to the prime minister on an interim basis.
如果弹劾动议获得通过，则必须得到国家宪法法院的批准。在此期间，总统将被停职，权力暂时移交给总理。
Could Yoon survive the vote?
尹锡悦能否在投票中幸存下来？
South Korea’s six opposition parties, all of which have called for Yoon’s impeachment, control 192 seats in the National Assembly, meaning they also need at least eight members of the ruling People Power party to support the motion.
韩国六个反对党都呼吁弹劾尹锡悦，他们控制着国民议会的192个席位，这意味着他们还需要执政党人民力量党至少八名成员投票支持这一动议。
Eighteen PPP members were among the lawmakers who rejected Yoon’s martial law decree, which has spurred opposition hopes that they can secure enough votes to pass the motion.
18名人民力量党议员否决了尹锡悦的戒严令，这激起了反对党获得足够票数通过弹劾动议的希望。
第一，学习interim的用法。这个词做形容词，表示intended to be used or accepted for a short time only, until something or someone final can be made or found，过渡期间的；临时的，例：an interim report 中期报告
第二，学习spur的用法。这个词作及物动词，表示to make an improvement or change happen faster，促进，刺激，例：Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth. 降低税率将刺激投资，有助于经济增长。
But on Thursday, PPP leader Han Dong-hoon said the party would oppose impeachment.
但周四，人民力量党领导人韩东勋(Han Dong-hoon)表示，该党将反对弹劾。
The earliest point at which opposition parties could stage a vote would be the early hours of Friday. But their decision to hold the vote on Saturday has fuelled speculation they need more time to secure the votes.
反对党最早可在周五凌晨举行投票。但他们决定周六举行投票，这加剧了外界对他们需要更多时间来确保票数的猜测。
What role does the Constitutional Court play?
宪法法院扮演什么角色？
If lawmakers pass the impeachment motion, the country’s Constitutional Court makes the final decision.
如果议员通过弹劾动议，则将由韩国宪法法院做出最终决定。
In principle, seven out of nine judges on the court must convene to consider an impeachment, with a minimum of six required to approve it. They are supposed to deliver their verdict within 180 days of the parliamentary vote, but this time limit is not binding.
原则上，法院九名法官中必须有七名开庭审理弹劾案，至少需要六名法官批准弹劾案。法官应在议会投票后180天内做出判决，但这一时限并不具有约束力。
However, there are presently only six judges on the court, with three vacancies unfilled due to political gridlock and disputes among parties over the nomination process.
然而，目前法院只有六名法官，由于政治僵局和各党派在提名程序上的争议，有三个空缺尚未填补。
The court has said that in a situation with only six judges, a verdict in which they all participate would be binding. But this would require all six to approve impeachment and could be subject to challenge by Yoon and the PPP.
法院表示，在只有六名法官的情况下，所有法官共同参与的判决将具有约束力。但这需要所有六位法官都批准弹劾，可能会受到尹锡悦和人民力量党的挑战。
In order to avoid this situation, opposition parties could nominate more judges once the parliamentary vote has passed. But their nominations would have to be approved by the acting president, expected to be Yoon’s present prime minister, Han Duck-soo.
为了避免这种情况，反对党可以在议会投票通过后提名更多法官。但他们的提名必须得到代理总统的批准，预计代理总统将是尹锡悦的现任总理韩德洙(Han Duck-soo)。
Observers note that the majority of judges on the court are conservative appointees, which may favour Yoon.
观察人士指出，法院的大多数法官都是保守派任命的，这可能对尹锡悦有利。
How long could this take?
这需要多长时间？
The last president to be successfully impeached was the conservative Park Geun-hye, who was removed in 2017 following a bribery and influence scandal that triggered large street demonstrations.
上一位被成功弹劾的总统是保守派的朴槿惠，她在2017年因贿赂和影响力丑闻引发大规模街头示威而被罢免。
In Park’s case, the Constitutional Court deliberated on her impeachment for three months before announcing a verdict. An election was then held two months after the ruling.
在朴槿惠的案件中，宪法法院对她的弹劾案审议了三个月才宣布判决。然后在判决两个月后举行选举。
On this timetable, a Constitutional Court decision could come as early as March, with a presidential election in May.
按照这个时间表，宪法法院最早可能在3月做出裁决，5月举行总统选举。
If, instead of being impeached, Yoon were to resign, an election could be held as early as February.
如果尹锡悦没有被弹劾，而是辞职，那么选举最早可在2月举行。
If the impeachment motion does not pass and Yoon remains in office, the next election is due in 2027.
如果弹劾动议未获通过，尹锡悦将继续留任，下一次选举将于2027年举行。
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