科学家发现，大量食用高度加工食品的消费者，无论吃多少，大腿肌间脂肪都会增加，这是表明这些产品的健康风险可能不仅是摄入过多卡路里的又一迹象。
这项研究将于周三在芝加哥举行的北美放射学会年会上公布，将加剧关于所谓超加工食品风险的争论。
尽管人们的注意力集中在工业化添加调味料、糖、脂肪和盐等诱人成分如何导致过度消费和肥胖，但关于超加工食品可能造成的其他健康问题的新研究仍在不断涌现。
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Consumers of large amounts of highly processed foods increased thigh muscle fattiness regardless of how much they ate, scientists have found, in another sign the products’ health risks could stretch beyond excessive calories.
科学家发现，大量食用高度加工食品的消费者，无论吃多少，大腿肌间脂肪都会增加，这是表明这些产品的健康风险可能不仅是摄入过多卡路里的又一迹象。
The study, to be presented on Wednesday at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America in Chicago, will intensify debate over the risks of so-called ultra-processed foods.
这项研究将于周三在芝加哥举行的北美放射学会年会上公布，将加剧关于所谓超加工食品风险的争论。
While attention has focused on how the industrial addition of appealing ingredients such as flavourings, sugars, fats and salt can lead to overconsumption and obesity, new research on other possible health problems caused by UPFs is still emerging.
尽管人们的注意力集中在工业化添加调味料、糖、脂肪和盐等诱人成分如何导致过度消费和肥胖，但关于超加工食品可能造成的其他健康问题的新研究仍在不断涌现。
第一，学习stretch的熟词僻义。这个词做不及物动词，可表示to spread out or cover a large area of land，延伸，绵延，例：Row after row of orange trees stretched to the horizon. 一排又一排的橙树一直绵延到地平线。
第二，学习flavouring的用法。这个词做名词，表示a substance used to give something a particular flavour or increase its flavour，调味品，调味香料，例：artificial flavourings 人工调味品
“Muscle fattiness seemed to happen regardless of calorie intake,” said Zehra Akkaya, part of the team of Turkey- and US-based researchers. “We hypothesise that muscle fatty infiltration is related to the type of food — ultra-processed foods in the diet.”
由土耳其和美国研究人员组成的研究小组成员泽赫拉•阿卡亚(Zehra Akkaya)说：“肌间脂似乎与卡路里摄入量无关。我们假设肌肉脂肪浸润与食物类型有关——饮食中的超加工食品。”
UPFs refer to mass produced goods, made mostly from substances extracted from whole foods, such as fats, starches and added sugars, and formulated to be more palatable to consumers. There is no generally agreed definition of the term, which was coined by Brazilian nutritional scientist Carlos Monteiro as part of the Nova food classification system he developed to assess the diets’ impact on health.
超加工食品指的是大规模生产的商品，主要由从整个食物中提取的物质制成，如脂肪、淀粉和添加糖，其配方使消费者更容易接受。该术语由巴西营养学家卡洛斯•蒙泰罗提出，是他为评估饮食对健康的影响而开发的Nova食品分类系统的一部分。
Early studies have linked UPFs to diseases including cancer, obesity and heart diseases. Research since has suggested they may contribute to many other health problems, from tooth decay to dementia to accelerated ageing.
早期研究表明，超加工食品与癌症、肥胖症和心脏病等疾病有关。此后的研究表明，它们可能会导致许多其他健康问题，从蛀牙、痴呆症到加速衰老。
第一，学习infiltrate的用法。这个词做不及物动词，表示to secretly join an organization or enter a place in order to find out information about it or harm it，渗透；混入，例：Police attempts to infiltrate neo-Nazi groups were largely unsuccessful. 警方想打入新纳粹团体的行动基本上不成功。
第二，学习decay的用法。这个词做名词，表示the natural chemical change that causes the slow destruction of something，腐烂，朽烂，例：old cars in various stages of decay 损坏程度不等的旧车
The scientists examined muscle fattiness grades from magnetic resonance images of 666 participants at risk of osteoarthritis, a chronic joint condition that causes pain, swelling and restricted movement and estimated to affect more than half a billion people worldwide. Osteoarthritis may be linked to deterioration in the health of the thighs, as streaks of fat replace muscle fibres.
科学家们通过磁共振成像检查了666名有患骨关节炎风险的参与者的肌间脂肪等级。骨关节炎是一种慢性关节疾病，会导致疼痛、肿胀和活动受限，估计全球有超过五亿人受此病影响。骨关节炎可能与大腿健康的恶化有关，因为脂肪组织取代了肌肉纤维。
The study’s subjects — more than two-thirds of whom were men — were on average 60-years-old and overweight with a body mass index of 27. About 40 per cent of the foods they ate in the previous year were ultra-processed, the researchers said.
该研究的受试者中，超过三分之二是男性，平均年龄为60岁，体重指数为27。研究人员表示，他们去年吃的食物中约有40%是超加工的。
The scientists used a questionnaire that asked how often and in what quantities participants had consumed particular foods and drinks over the previous 12 months. They used the classification system developed by Monteiro and others to assess processing levels.
科学家们使用了一份问卷，询问参与者在过去12个月内食用特定食物和饮料的频率和数量。他们使用蒙泰罗和其他人开发的分类系统来评估其加工程度。
第一，学习deteriorate的用法。这个词做不及物动词，表示to become worse，恶化，堕落，退化，例：Ethel’s health has deteriorated. 埃塞尔的健康状况恶化了。
第二，学习streak的用法。这个词做名词，表示a coloured line, especially one that is not straight or has been made accidentally，色条；条痕；斑纹，例：Sue has blonde streaks in her hair. 休的头发里夹杂着几缕金发。
第三，学习body mass index的用法。缩写为BMI，表示the relationship between your height and your weight, used as a measure of whether you have too much flesh on your body，体重指数，身体质量指数，例：Your body mass index is your weight in kilograms divided by the square of your height in meters. 身体质量指数是体重（千克）除以身高（米）的平方。
The possible impact of highly processed foods on the thighs could have “important clinical implications” and offer “new perspective on how diet quality affects musculoskeletal health”, Akkaya said.
阿卡亚说，高度加工食品对大腿的可能影响可能具有“重要的临床意义”，并“为饮食质量如何影响肌肉骨骼健康提供了新的视角”。
Since osteoarthritis is “highly linked to obesity and unhealthy lifestyle choices, there are potential avenues for lifestyle modification and disease management”, Akkaya said.
阿卡亚表示，由于骨关节炎“与肥胖和不健康的生活方式选择高度相关，因此存在改变生活方式和进行疾病管理的潜在途径”。
While the study demonstrated thigh muscle fattiness was associated with the consumption of highly processed foods, it did not demonstrate a causal link, she added. The researchers also saw the same effect on the upper legs even when they accounted for other factors such as physical activity, age, gender and race.
她补充说，虽然研究表明大腿肌间脂肪肥胖与食用高度加工食品有关，但并没有证明两者之间存在因果关系。研究人员还发现，即使把体力活动、年龄、性别和种族等其他因素也考虑进来，大腿也会受到同样的影响。
The food industry has dismissed much of the research on UPFs, saying that there is no official definition or sufficient evidence to prove causal links. Few national regulators have addressed UPFs in their dietary guidelines, with the exception of a handful of countries such as Brazil, Israel and Belgium.
食品行业对有关超加工食品的研究大多不予理睬，认为没有官方定义或足够的证据来证明因果关系。除巴西、以色列和比利时等少数几个国家外，很少有国家监管机构在其膳食指南中涉及超加工食品。
However, the risk of greater regulation looms since the nomination of Robert F Kennedy for secretary of health and human services by US president-elect Donald Trump.
然而，自美国当选总统唐纳德•特朗普提名罗伯特•肯尼迪担任卫生和公共服务部长以来，加强监管的风险迫在眉睫。
Kennedy has promised to transform the US’s food system, and has blamed the food industry for the surge in obesity rates.
肯尼迪承诺改革美国的食品体系，并将肥胖率激增归咎于食品行业。
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