“manifest”，2024 年年度词汇？ | 卫报

“Manifest”, meaning to dream or will something into existence, has been named the word of 2024 by Cambridge Dictionary, after a surge of celebrity-inspired popularity on social media.

“Manifest” 意为梦想或将某事变为现实，在社交媒体上因名人而人气飙升，被剑桥词典评为 2024 年最佳词汇。

Though far from a new coinage – as an adjective meaning “clear” or “obvious”, the word dates back in English to at least the 1300s – the dictionary’s decision rests on its newest meaning as a verb, which attests to the power of visualisation and positive thinking in making fervently held dreams come to pass.

尽管“显然”一词并非新造词（用作形容词，意为“清晰”或“明显”），其在英语中至少可以追溯到 14 世纪），但词典的决定基于其作为动词的最新含义，这证明了视觉化和积极思考在实现热切梦想方面所具有的力量。

The singer Dua Lipa has attributed her success – which included headlining Glastonbury in June – to manifesting, saying: “Manifesting is a big thing for me. I stand very firmly in the belief of putting things into the world. Subconsciously, you just work towards them. Nothing’s ever too big.”

歌手杜阿·利帕将她的成功（包括六月份在格拉斯顿伯里音乐节上的领衔表演）归功于“表现”。她说：“表现对我来说很重要。我坚信要把事情带到这个世界上。潜意识里，你只需要朝着目标努力。没有什么是太大的。”

Simone Biles, too, has been credited with manifesting her award-winning gymnastics career, after speaking of visualising future success when she was a young girl.

西蒙娜·拜尔斯也因在年轻时曾想象过未来的成功而获得了赞誉，她展现了自己屡获殊荣的体操生涯。

Wendalyn Nichols, the publishing manager of the Cambridge Dictionary, said the word manifest had “increased notably in lookups” this year, being searched for 130,000 times on the Cambridge Dictionary website.

剑桥词典出版经理温达琳·尼科尔斯 (Wendalyn Nichols) 表示，今年“manifest”一词的“搜索??量显著增加”，在剑桥词典网站上被搜索了 13 万次。

“Its use widened greatly across all types of media due to events in 2024, and it shows how the meanings of a word can change over time,” she said.

她说：“由于 2024 年发生的事件，这个词在各类媒体中的使用范围大大扩大，它表明了一个词的含义是如何随着时间的推移而发生变化的。”

Derived from French and Latin, the word, spelled “manyfest”, was used by Chaucer in the late 14th century in its adjectival sense meaning clear or obvious.

该词源于法语和拉丁语，拼写为“manyfest”，乔叟在 14 世纪后期使用它来作形容词，意为清晰或明显。

Shakespeare employed the word as both a noun and a verb, meaning both obvious and to make obvious. In King Lear, the Duke of Albany denounces Edmund for his “heinous, manifest, and many treasons”, while Twelfth Night’s tragi-comic figure Malvolio delights in supposed praise of his yellow stockings from Olivia, saying: “And in this she manifests herself to my love.”

莎士比亚将这个词用作名词和动词，既有明显的意义，也有使明显的意义。在《李尔王》中，奥尔巴尼公爵谴责埃德蒙“犯下了许多令人发指的、明显的叛国罪”，而《第十二夜》中的悲喜剧人物马尔瓦里奥因奥利维亚对他的黄色长筒袜的赞美而高兴，他说：“她用这双长筒袜向我的爱人表明了自己的身份。”

The King James Bible of 1611 translates the first epistle of John to read: “In this was manifested the love of God towards us.”

1611 年版的詹姆斯国王圣经将约翰一书翻译为：“由此可见上帝对我们的爱。”

The word can also be used as a noun, meaning the full list of a ship’s cargo, a usage that dates to 1561, while “manifest destiny” was a term employed by the US president Andrew Jackson in the 1830s to suggest it was ordained that American settlers should spread westward across the continent.

该词也可用作名词，意为船上货物的全部清单，这种用法可以追溯到 1561 年，而“昭昭天命”则是美国总统安德鲁·杰克逊在 19 世纪 30 年代使用的一个术语，用来暗示美国定居者应该向西扩张到整个大陆，这是命中注定的。

However, its most recent meaning, of “speaking your dreams into existence” is first recorded only in the early 20th century, associated with Spiritualism, and has become widespread only more recently.

然而，其最近的含义是“将你的梦想说出来，使之成为现实”，最早记载于 20 世纪初，与唯灵论有关，并且只是在最近才广为传播。

Sander van der Linden, a professor of social psychology at Cambridge University, credited social media and the pandemic for popularising the term and practice of manifesting, but cautioned that it had no scientific validity.

剑桥大学社会心理学教授桑德·范德林登 (Sander van der Linden) 认为社交媒体和疫情使得“显化”这一术语和做法流行起来，但他警告说，这没有科学依据。

“Manifesting is what psychologists call ‘magical thinking’ or the general illusion that specific mental rituals can change the world around us.

“显化就是心理学家所说的‘神奇思维’或特定的心理仪式可以改变我们周围世界的普遍幻觉。

“Manifesting gained tremendous popularity during the pandemic on TikTok with billions of views, including the popular 3-6-9 method, which calls for writing down your wishes three times in the morning, six times in the afternoon and nine times before bed.

“在疫情期间，愿望清单在 TikTok 上获得了巨大的人气，观看次数达数十亿，其中包括广受欢迎的 3-6-9 方法，即早上写下你的愿望三次，下午写下六次，睡前写下九次。

“This procedure promotes obsessive and compulsive behaviour with no discernible benefits. But can we really blame people for trying it, when prominent celebrities have been openly ‘manifesting’ their success?

“这种手术会促进强迫行为，而且没有明显的好处。但是，当知名名人公开‘展示’他们的成功时，我们真的能责怪人们尝试它吗？

“There is good research on the value of positive thinking, self-affirmation, and goal-setting … However, it is crucial to understand the difference between the power of positive thinking and moving reality with your mind – the former is healthy, whereas the latter is pseudoscience.”

“关于积极思考、自我肯定和目标设定的价值有很多很好的研究……然而，至关重要的是要了解积极思考??的力量与用你的思想改变现实之间的区别——前者是健康的，而后者是伪科学。