请看《金融时报》的详细报道：
Syrian rebels seized Damascus on Sunday as President Bashar al-Assad’s regime collapsed in the face of the insurgents’ stunning offensive across the country.
周日，叙利亚反对派占领了大马士革，巴沙尔•阿萨德(Bashar al-Assad)总统的政权在反对派在全国各地发动的惊人攻势面前崩溃。
The rebels said in a statement that “the city of Damascus is free from the tyrant Bashar al-Assad” and that “Assad has fled” after various factions encircled the capital from the north and the south.
叛军在一份声明中说，“大马士革市已从暴君巴沙尔•阿萨德手中解放，阿萨德已逃离”，此前各派已从北部和南部包围了首都。
The whereabouts of Assad were unclear, with reports that he had fled, as the rebel onslaught brought an ignominious end to a family dynasty that has ruled Syria for more than 50 years.
阿萨德的下落不明，有报道称他已经逃离，叛军的进攻为这个统治叙利亚50多年的家族王朝画上了不光彩的句号。
第一，学习insurgent的用法。这个词做名词，表示one of a group of people fighting against the government of their own country, or against authority，起义者；暴动者；叛乱者，例：communist insurgents 共产党起义者
第二，学习encircle的用法。这个词做及物动词，表示to surround someone or something completely，围绕，环绕，例：The island was encircled by a dusty road. 那座岛屿为一条尘土飞扬的公路所环绕。
第三，学习ignominious的用法。这个词做形容词，表示making you feel ashamed or embarrassed，令人蒙羞的，丢脸的；可耻的，常用搭配为ignominious defeat / failure / retreat etc，可耻的失利/失败/撤退等，例：an ignominious end to his career 他职业生涯不光彩的终结
Videos sent to the Financial Times by a Damascus resident purportedly showed people inside the presidential palace, rummaging through rooms and smashing pictures of the Assad family.
一名大马士革居民发给英国《金融时报》的视频显示，有人在总统府内翻箱倒柜，打砸阿萨德家族的照片。
A man dressed in civilian clothing appeared on Syrian state TV on Sunday morning, declaring that the rebels had “liberated” Damascus, and released detainees from “regime prisons”. He called on fighters to “protect the properties of the free Syrian state”.
周日上午，一名身着便装的男子出现在叙利亚国家电视台，宣称反政府武装已经“解放”了大马士革，并从“政权监狱”释放了被拘留者。他呼吁战士们“保护自由叙利亚国的财产”。
The speaker was flanked by eight other men, also in civilian clothes. Several of the men had their arms around each others’ shoulders.
发言者身旁还有八名同样身着便装的男子。其中几人互相搂着对方的肩膀。
Residents of Damascus said there was celebratory shooting in the air, with clouds of smoke hanging across the capital.
大马士革的居民说，空气中弥漫着庆祝的枪声，烟云笼罩着首都。
第一，学习purport的用法。这个词做及物或者不及物动词，表示to claim to be or do something, even if this is not true，声称是……，据称是……，像是……，常用搭配为purport to do sth，例：Two undercover officers purporting to be dealers infiltrated the gang. 两位伪装成毒贩的警员打入了那个团伙。
第二，学习flank的用法。这个词做及物动词，表示to be on both sides of someone or something，位于……两侧，例：Lewis entered flanked by two bodyguards. 刘易斯在左右两名保镖的陪同下走了进来。
“I can’t believe it. Everyone is in the street, everyone is shouting,” said Abdallah, a Damascus resident. “It’s something historical. No one has suffered as much as the Syrian people.”
大马士革居民阿卜杜拉说：“我简直不敢相信。每个人都在街上，每个人都大喊大叫。这是历史性的。没有人比叙利亚人民遭受的痛苦更大。”
He added that rebel militants were posted outside banks and other public institutions to guard them.
他补充说，反叛武装分子驻守在银行和其他公共机构外，保卫这些机构。
While the downfall of the Assad regime sparked celebrations across Syria, it will also usher in a period of huge uncertainty for a nation shattered and fragmented after 13 years of civil war, and for the wider region. The country shares borders with Israel, Jordan, Iraq and Lebanon. Rebel groups have clashed with each other in the past.
虽然阿萨德政权的倒台引发了叙利亚全国的庆祝活动，但对于一个在13年内战后支离破碎的国家和更广泛的地区来说，这也将迎来一个巨大的不确定时期。叙利亚与以色列、约旦、伊拉克和黎巴嫩接壤。反叛组织之间过去曾发生过冲突。
The rebel offensive has been led by Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, an Islamist movement that was confined to Syria’s north-west province of Idlib before beginning its offensive 12 days ago. The group, which was once an affiliate of al-Qaeda, rocked the country by seizing Aleppo, Syria’s second city, within 48 hours and then marching southwards towards the capital.
叛军攻势由沙姆解放组织(Hayat Tahrir al-Sham)领导。该组织是一个伊斯兰运动，在12天前开始攻势之前一直局限于叙利亚西北部的伊德利卜省。该组织曾是“基地”组织的附属组织，在48小时内攻占叙利亚第二大城市阿勒颇，随后向南进军首都，震撼了叙利亚。
第一，学习southwards的用法。这个词做副词，表示towards the south，向南，朝南，例：We followed the coast southwards. 我们沿海岸向南走。
第二，学习march的用法。这个词做不及物动词，表示if soldiers or other people march somewhere, they walk there quickly with firm regular steps，行进，行军，齐步前进，例：On 29 August the royal army marched into Inverness. 8月29日皇家军队开进因弗内斯。
It has been working with Turkish-backed rebels who operate under the umbrella of the Syrian National Army, but Syria is home to myriad factions and the degree of co-ordination between them all is unclear.
该组织一直与土耳其支持的反政府武装合作，后者在叙利亚国民军的保护伞下开展行动，但叙利亚境内派别林立，各派之间的协调程度尚不明确。
As rebels entered the palace, Syrian Prime Minister Mohammad Ghazi al-Jalali said he was ready to work with any leadership chosen by the people and called for unity, saying “Syria is for all Syrians”. “We are ready to co-operate and all the properties of the people and the institutions of the Syrian state must be preserved,” he said. “They belong to all Syrians.”
当叛军进入宫殿时，叙利亚总理穆罕默德•加齐•贾拉利表示，他已准备好与人民选择的任何领导层合作，并呼吁团结，称“叙利亚是所有叙利亚人的家园”。他说：“我们准备合作，必须保护叙利亚人民的所有财产和国家机构。他们属于所有叙利亚人。”
Jalali said he last had contact with Assad on Saturday evening and has no idea where he is. Soon after he spoke, video emerged of armed rebels leading Jalali from his office to a car.
贾拉利说，他最后一次与阿萨德接触是在周六晚间，他不知道阿萨德在哪里。在他发言后不久，出现了武装反叛分子将贾拉利从办公室带上车的视频。
There was no official statement by the Syrian presidency, the military or state media about the Assad or the situation in the country. Al-Ekhbaria, one state-run TV channel, had been broadcasting pre-recorded footage of Syrian architecture set to light guitar music.
叙利亚总统府、军方或国家媒体均未就阿萨德或该国局势发表官方声明。国营电视频道Al-Ekhbaria一直在播放预先录制的叙利亚建筑画面，并配以轻快的吉他音乐。
Assad, a London-trained eye doctor, has ruled Syria since 2000, when he succeeded his late father Hafez al-Assad. The civil war broke out in 2011 after his forces brutally sought to put down a popular uprising.
阿萨德是一名在伦敦接受过培训的眼科医生，自2000年接替已故父亲哈菲兹•阿萨德以来一直统治着叙利亚。2011年，阿萨德的部队残酷镇压了一场民众起义，内战随之爆发。
He managed to cling to power with the backing of Iran, Iranian-backed militants and Russia, which provided vital air power. His regime had regained control over most of the country in recent years.
在伊朗、伊朗支持的武装分子以及提供重要空中力量的俄罗斯的支持下，他成功地稳住了政权。近年来，他的政权重新控制了该国大部分地区。
But he presided over a hollowed-out, bankrupt state and even many among his own Alawite community appeared to have given up on the regime after years of conflict and economic hardship.
但他所领导的是一个空心化、破产的国家，在经历了多年的冲突和经济困难之后，甚至连他自己的阿拉维派社区中也有许多人似乎已经放弃了这个政权。
When HTS mounted its offensive on November 27, regime forces seemed to melt away, while Russia, Iran and Hizbollah, the Lebanese militant movement, were all weakened and distracted by their own conflicts.
当沙姆解放组织于11月27日发动攻势时，政权力量似乎已经消散，而俄罗斯、伊朗和黎巴嫩真主党（黎巴嫩的激进运动）都被削弱，并因各自的冲突而分心。
Rebels said they had gained full control of the strategic city of Homs, the last major city on the highway south to Damascus, in the early hours of Sunday.
叛军称，他们已于周日凌晨完全控制了战略要地霍姆斯市，这是通往大马士革南部公路上的最后一个主要城市。
Southern rebels, separate from HTS, took over Deraa, the birthplace of the Syrian uprising in 2011, as well as the cities of Suwaida and Quneitra, over the weekend, encircling Damascus from the south.
周末，与沙姆解放组织分离的南方叛军占领了2011年叙利亚起义的发源地德拉，以及苏瓦伊达和库奈特拉市，从南方包围了大马士革。
The rebel success is a humiliating blow to Iran, which reportedly pulled people out of Syria, and to Russia. Moscow gained access to air and naval bases on the Mediterranean after intervening in the war in 2015.
叛军的成功是对伊朗和俄罗斯的羞辱性打击，据报道，伊朗已从叙利亚撤军。莫斯科在2015年介入叙利亚战争后获得了使用地中海空军和海军基地的权利。
Russia’s foreign minister Sergei Lavrov had said on Saturday that Moscow would stand by its ally and was “trying to do everything not to allow terrorists to prevail, even if they say they are no longer terrorists”.
俄罗斯外交部长谢尔盖•拉夫罗夫周六表示，莫斯科将支持其盟友，并“尽一切努力不让恐怖分子得逞，即使他们说自己不再是恐怖分子”。
Meanwhile, Tehran’s support for Assad had given it a “land bridge” across Iraq to Syria and Lebanon, home to its most important proxy, Hizbollah.
与此同时，德黑兰对阿萨德的支持为其提供了一座横跨伊拉克通往叙利亚和黎巴嫩的“陆桥”，而叙利亚和黎巴嫩正是德黑兰最重要的代理人真主党的所在地。
HTS is designated a terrorist organisation by the US, the UN, Turkey and other powers, while Jolani, its leader, has a $10mn US bounty on his head.
沙姆解放组织被美国、联合国、土耳其和其他国家指定为恐怖组织，而其领导人Jolani则被美国悬赏1000万美元。
In recent years, Jolani has sought to rebrand the group as a more moderate Islamist movement, building up an autocratic, centralised movement with a tight grip on Idlib, which is home to 3-4mn people.
近年来，乔拉尼试图将该组织重新塑造成一个更加温和的伊斯兰运动，建立起一个专制、集权的运动，牢牢控制着拥有3-400万人口的伊德利卜省。
The rebels said they had freed prisoners from the notorious Sednaya prison, which had become a symbol of the Assad regime’s brutal repression of its political opponents.
叛军说，他们已从臭名昭著的塞德纳亚监狱释放了囚犯，该监狱已成为阿萨德政权残酷镇压政治反对派的象征。
On Saturday, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, who has long backed some Syrian opposition forces, hailed “a new diplomatic and political reality in Syria”.
周六，长期支持一些叙利亚反对派力量的土耳其总统雷杰普•塔伊普•埃尔多安欢呼“叙利亚新的外交和政治现实”。
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