为什么“enshittification”是麦考瑞词典的年度词汇 | 卫报

时事   2024-11-27 07:57   山东  
‘What many of us feel’: why ‘enshittification’ 
is Macquarie Dictionary’s word of the year
“我们许多人的感受”:
为什么“enshittification”
是麦考瑞词典的年度词汇

The committee’s honourable mentions went to ‘right to disconnect’ and ‘rawdogging’

委员会的荣誉提名作品是“断开连接的权利”和“rawdogging”

Tory Shepherd

托利·谢泼德

Tue 26 Nov 2024 01.36 GMT

2024 年 11 月 26 日星期二 01.36 GMT


1. shepherd [ˈʃepəd] n. 牧羊人,羊倌;牧师;指导者 v. 牧(羊);带领,引领,护送;(尤指精神方面)给……指导 【名】 (shepherd)(英、美、菲)谢泼德(人名);shepherds;shepherds;shepherding;shepherded;shepherded

2. giant [ˈdʒaɪənt] n. (传说中的)巨人;高大健壮的人;巨兽,巨型植物;大公司,大国;卓越人物,伟人;(天文)巨星 adj. 巨大的,伟大的;giants

3. crown [kraʊn] n. 王冠,冕;王位,王权(the crown);王国政府,王国(the crown);冠军宝座,桂冠;头顶,帽顶;顶部;5先令的英国旧币;(受损牙齿的)人造冠 v. 为……加冕,立……为王;形成……顶部,给……加顶;使圆满,使完美;(在牙齿上)镶人造冠;打……的头部;(分娩时胎儿的头)露顶 【名】 (crown)(英)克朗(人名);crowns;crowns;crowning;crowned;crowned

4. define [dɪˈfaɪn] v. 给……下定义,解释;阐明,使清楚;标明……界限,明确显出……轮廓;是……的特征,为……的特色 【名】 (define)(英)德法恩,(葡)德菲内(人名);defines;defining;defined;defined

5. reduction [rɪˈdʌkʃən] n. 减小,降低;减价,折扣;(照片、地图、图片等的)缩图,缩版;归纳,简化;(数学)归约,约化;染色体减半;简编曲(管弦乐改编的钢琴曲或小乐队演奏曲);浓汤,浓汁;脱臼(或断骨)复位;(化学)还原,被还原;(语音)弱化;reductions

6. provided [prɜːˈvaɪdɪd] conj. 假如,只要,在……条件下 v. 提供;规定;为(可能事件)作充分准备(provide 的过去式和过去分词形式)

7. medium [ˈmɪːdɪəm] n. 媒介,媒体;方法,手段;(艺术创作)材料,素材;灵媒,巫师;培养基;环境;中等,中号;存储(或打印)介质;(颜料)溶剂(如油或水);(品质、状态)中等,中庸 adj. 中等的,中间的,适中的;五分熟的,半熟的;(程度、强度或数量)平均的;(颜色)不深不浅的,适中的;(投球,投球手)中速的;media;mediums

8. overtake [ˈəʊvəˈteɪk] v. 追上, 赶上并超过(汽车或人);(发展或增长)超越,超过;突然降临于,意外发生在;(情感等)压倒,使难以承受;overtakes;overtaking;overtook;overtaken

9. site [saɪt] n. (建筑的)工地,用地;(某事发生的)地点,现场;(作某种用途的)场所,场地;网站,站点(=website);(身体的某个)部位;(城镇、建筑物或纪念碑的)地基,选址;遗址,原址;(帐篷或大篷车内)歇脚的地方 v. 使坐落在,为......选址;sites;sites;siting;sited;sited

10. swamp [swɒmp] n. 湿地,沼泽地 v. 浸没,吞没;(喻)压倒,淹没;使疲于应对,使应接不暇;(大批人等)涌入(某处),包围(某人);极大地影响(某人),使崩溃;(衣服)太大而不适合;swamps;swamps;swamping;swamped;swamped

11. chap [tʃæp] n. (皮肤的)皴裂(或皲裂)处;(尤指说话者喜欢的)男人,家伙;(尤指猪头肉的)颔颊部分;(骑马时穿的)皮套裤 v. (使)皮肤皲裂 【名】 (chap)(柬)乍(人名);(chap)(柬)乍(人名);chaps;chaps;chapping;chapped;chapped;chapt

12. reign [reɪn] n. (君主)在位时期,统治时期;领导期,任期;支配期,极盛期;(运动员或运动队)持有指明荣誉头衔的时期 v. 为王,统治;支配,盛行;成为最佳,成为最重要的;reigns;reigns;reigning;reigned;reigned

13. wrap [ræp] v. 包,裹,包装;用(手臂、指头或腿)围紧,用……绕住;绕……走;完成拍摄,杀青 ;使(车辆)撞上(固定物体);(使文字)换行 n. 披肩,围巾;包裹(或包装)材料;宽松外套,浴衣;面卷饼(一种三明治,由薄面包包着肉、蔬菜等);拍摄(或录音)结束,停机;(全身覆盖湿布或海草等进行的)皮肤护理;(喻)秘密;一小包白粉(毒品);wraps;wraps;wrapping;wrapped;wrapped

14. elevate [ˈelɪveɪt] v. 提拔,提升;抬起,提起;提高,增加;使情绪高昂,使兴高采烈;elevates;elevating;elevated;elevated

15. formal [ˈfɔːməl] adj. 庄重的,合乎礼仪的;(语言)正式的,规范的;合法的;整齐的,布置井然的;正统的,拘谨的;(教育或培训)正规的;形式上的,表面的;官方的,公开的 n. 正式的社交聚会;(女子的)正式礼服 【名】 (formal)(法)福马尔(人名);formals

16. deliberate [dɪˈlɪbəreɪt] adj. 故意的,蓄意的;从容的,小心翼翼的;深思熟虑的 v. 仔细考虑,认真商讨;deliberates;deliberating;deliberated;deliberated

17. erase [ɪˈreɪz] v. 抹去,擦掉;删除;忘却;消除,消灭;(易)被擦掉,(易)被抹去;erases;erasing;erased;erased

18. stuff [stʌf] n. 东西,物品;基本特征,特质,根本;(某人从事的)活动,事情;原材料;投球能力;作品,乐曲,艺术;胡说八道,废话,荒谬的想法;饮料,毒品;毛料,呢绒 v. 塞进,填进;填满,装满;填作料,填馅;制作(动物)标本;(使)吃撑,吃足;不稀罕,不在乎;把同样的印刷品装进(信封);把伪造选票投入(票箱);性交(一个男人和一个女人性交);stuffs;stuffs;stuffing;stuffed;stuffed

19. eclipse [ɪˈklɪps] n. 日食,月食;黯然失色;羽毛暗淡期;消失,丧失 v. 遮住……的光,使黯然失色;eclipses;eclipses;eclipsing;eclipsed;eclipsed

20. decay [dɪˈkeɪ] v. (建筑、地方等)破败,衰落;(观念、影响力等)衰败;(使)腐朽,腐烂 n. 腐烂;(观念、机构、制度等)衰退 【名】 (decay)(英、美、法、意、希)德凯(人名);decays;decays;decaying;decayed;decayed

21. abuse [əˈbjuːz] v. 虐待;滥用,辜负;辱骂;糟蹋(某物);性侵犯 n. 虐待,凌辱;滥用,妄用;辱骂;舞弊,腐败;糟蹋;性侵犯;恶习,陋习 【名】 (abuse)(英)阿比斯(人名);abuses;abuses;abusing;abused;abused

22. claw [klɔː] n. (动物的)爪,爪子;(水生有壳动物的)螯,钳;爪形器具,钳形工具 v. (用爪)撕,抓;挠痒;(帆船)迎风而行;claws;claws;clawing;clawed;clawed

23. frustrate [frʌsˈtreɪt] v. 使懊恼,使沮丧;挫败,阻挠;受挫 adj. 痛苦的,受挫的;frustrates;frustrating;frustrated;frustrated

24. terrify [ˈterɪfaɪ] v. 使害怕,使恐惧;terrifies;terrifying;terrified;terrified

25. capture [ˈkæptʃə] v. 俘获,捕获;夺取,占领;吸引,引起;记录,体现;拍摄,录制;吃掉(国际象棋棋子);使(数据)保存于电脑中;俘获(原子,亚原子粒);(河流)袭夺 n. 捕获,被捕获;被捕获的人(或物);占领,攻占;夺取,抢占;(数据)存储;captures;captures;capturing;captured;captured

26. privacy [ˈpraɪvəsɪ] n. 隐私,秘密;清静,(不受干扰的)独处;隐居处;privacies

27. tackle [ˈtækl] v. 应付,解决(难题或局面);与……交涉;(足球、曲棍球等比赛中)抢断;(橄榄球等比赛中)擒抱并摔倒(对方球员);擒获;对付,打(尤指罪犯);质问,责问;反对,反抗 n. (足球等中的)抢断球;(橄榄球或美式足球)擒抱摔倒;(美式足球中的)阻截队员;体育器械,(尤指)渔具;(吊起重物用的)索具,滑轮;男性性器官;tackles;tackles;tackling;tackled;tackled

28. reverse [rɪˈvɜːs] v. 逆转,彻底改变(决定、政策、趋势等);撤销,推翻(法庭判决);颠倒,反转;交换,互换(位置、功能);承认错误,放弃(立场);倒(车);(发动机)反向运转;打对方付费的电话;使(铅字,图案)印成白或浅色 n. 相对,相反(the reverse);逆向,逆转;倒车挡;失败,挫折;反面,背面;(翻开的书)左手页,(活页文件的)背面;(硬币或奖牌)反面图案(或刻字);(美式橄榄球)反向传球,变位传球 adj. 相反的,反向的;背面的,反面的;(半导体结的外加电压)反向的;(地层)逆断的,冲断的;反身的;reverses;reverses;reversing;reversed;reversed

29. stake [steɪk] n. 股本,股份;桩,标桩,篱笆桩;赌注;赛马奖金(stakes);比赛,竞赛(stakes);利害关系;火刑柱;(制作篮子的)纵向基杆,经条;(铁匠用的)小铁砧;摩门主教管辖区 v. 拿…...冒险,以…...打赌;用桩支撑;资助,帮助 【名】 (stake)(瑞典)斯塔克(人名);stakes;stakes;staking;staked;staked


“We’re all living through the enshittocene, a great enshittening, in which the services that matter to us, that we rely on, are turning into giant piles of shit,” author Cory Doctorow said earlier this year.
“W我们都经历了“废物再生世”,这是一个巨大的废物再生世,我们所关心的、我们所依赖的服务,都变成了一堆巨大的垃圾,”作家科利·多克托罗今年早些时候说道。

In 2022, Doctorow coined the word “enshittification”, which has just been crowned Macquarie Dictionary’s word of the year. The dictionary defined the word as follows.
2022 年,Doctorow 创造了“enshittification”这个词,这个词刚刚被麦考瑞词典评为年度词汇。该词典对这个词的定义如下。

“The gradual deterioration of a service or product brought about by a reduction in the quality of service provided, especially of an online platform, and as a consequence of profit-seeking.”
“由于所提供服务的质量下降(尤其是在线平台的服务质量下降)以及追求利润的行为,导致服务或产品的逐渐劣化。”

Social media users, if they don’t know the word, will viscerally understand the concept, the way trolls and extremists and bullshitters and the criminally vacuous have overtaken the platforms.
即使社交媒体用户不知道这个词,他们也会本能地理解这个概念,即恶意喷子、极端分子、胡说八道者和犯罪分子如何占领了这些平台。

Think Twitter, a once useful and often fun microblogging site twisted by a tech bro into X, a post-truth swamp.
想想 Twitter,一个曾经很有用并且很有趣的微博网站,却被一个技术兄弟扭曲成了 X,一个后真相的沼泽。

Or Facebook, where you’re now more likely to be presented with crocheted arseless chaps from Shein than a humblebrag from a dear friend.
或者在 Facebook 上,现在你更有可能看到 Shein 给你推荐的钩针编织的无屁股小伙子,而不是来自好朋友的谦虚自夸。

Or Instagram, where cute dog videos once reigned. Now, yet another unfathomable algorithm serves up a diet of tradwives, gym bros and uwu girls.
又比如 Instagram,曾经可爱狗狗视频风靡一时。如今,又有另一种深不可测的算法,提供传统妻子、健身兄弟和uwu 女孩等内容。

The dictionary’s committee described enshittification as “a very basic Anglo-Saxon term wrapped in affixes which elevate it to being almost formal; almost respectable”.
该词典的编纂委员会将“enshittification”描述为“一个非常基本的盎格鲁-撒克逊术语,加上一些词缀,使其几乎变得正式;几乎受人尊敬”。

Without those affixes – if one were to say, for example, merely that X has got a bit shit – the deliberate degradation of the platform is erased.
如果没有这些词缀 — — 比如说,如果只是说 X 有点糟糕 — — 该平台的刻意降级就会被消除。

With those affixes, the impression is conveyed of the platform owners tampering with their own product until the bad stuff, like guano on a rock, eclipses the original form.
有了这些词缀,就给人一种印象:平台所有者不断篡改自己的产品,直到一些像岩石上的鸟粪一样的坏东西掩盖了原始形式。

Doctorow wrote that this decay was a three-stage process.
多克托罗写道,这种衰变过程分为三个阶段。

“First, platforms are good to their users; then they abuse their users to make things better for their business customers; finally, they abuse those business customers to claw back all the value for themselves,” he wrote.
他写道:“首先,平台对用户很好;然后,他们虐待用户,以便为商业客户提供更好的服务;最后,他们虐待这些商业客户,为自己收回所有的价值。”

“It’s frustrating. It’s demoralizing. It’s even terrifying.”
“这很令人沮丧。这让人士气低落。甚至让人感到恐惧。”

The Macquarie Dictionary committee’s honourable mentions went to “right to disconnect”, and “rawdogging”.
麦考瑞词典委员会的荣誉提名词是“right to disconnect”和“rawdogging”。

But enshittification not only won their vote, it took out the people’s choice award.

但 enshittification 不仅赢得了他们的选票,还获得了人民选择奖。

“This word captures what many of us feel is happening to the world and to so many aspects of our lives at the moment,” the committee said.

该委员会表示:“这个词概括了我们许多人感受到的目前正在发生在世界和我们生活的方方面面的事情。”

Doctorow himself is surprisingly optimistic about where this could all end up.

对于这一切的结局,多克托罗本人表现出令人惊奇的乐观。

Action on competition to prevent market dominance, regulation on things such as digital privacy, more power for users to decide how they use platforms, and tackling the exploitation of workers could reverse the process, he wrote, because “everyone has a stake in disenshittification”.

他写道,采取行动防止竞争导致市场垄断,对数字隐私等方面进行监管,赋予用户更多权力来决定如何使用平台,以及解决对工人的剥削问题,可以扭转这一进程,因为“每个人都与去敏感化有关”。

Big tech can’t be fixed, he argues, but maybe it can be destroyed.

他认为,大型科技公司无法被修复,但也许可以被摧毁。

He adds a fourth stage to the tech platforms’ scatological journey from being good to users, to abusing them in favour of their customers, to abusing their customers to serve themselves.

他为科技平台的腐败之旅添加了第四个阶段,从善待用户,到为了客户而虐待用户,再到为了自己而虐待客户。

“Then they die,” he wrote.

“然后他们就死了,”他写道。




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