天数
根据印度历法，黎明往往标志着新一天的开始。西方历法将一天划分为小时，而印度历法则通过 15 个 muhurtas 来计算时间的流逝，每个 muhurtas 大约持续 48 分钟。前两个 muhartas 通常用于灵性时间。日出、中午和日落被认为是一天中最重要的时刻，婆罗门吟诵 Gayatri 咒语标志着这些时刻。
印度历法将一周中的每一天称为 Vsara。在日历的一些变体中，一周中的每一天都用传统的梵文书写。从与星期日对应的一天开始，日子如下：Ravi-Sun、Soma-Moon、Mangala-Tuesday、Budha-Wenesday、Guru 或 Brhaspati-Thursday、Sukra-Friday 和 Sani-Saturday。
月份
印度历法以与月相相同的周期标记十二个月，根据天体运动，每个月大约有 29.5 天。一个月分为两个半月，一个是暗月（残月），一个是明月（上弦月），每个半月持续十五个阴历日。在某些月份，可能需要删除周期中的一天以与较短的阴历周期相关联。每个月的第一天因日历而异。通常，在印度北部，满月标志着每月的第一天，而在印度南部，则以新月为标志。
每个版本的印度历法中月份的名称都是相同的。根据黄道十二宫，根据全年太阳的转变，为这些名称分配相应的阴历月。月份名称及其对应的黄道星座如下：Chaitra（白羊座）、Vaisakha（金牛座）、Jyaistha（双子座）、Asadha（巨蟹座）、Sravana（狮子座）、Bhadrapada（处女座）、Asvina（天秤座）、Kartika（天蝎座）、Agrahayana（射手座）、Pausa（摩羯座）、Magha（水瓶座）和 Phalguna（双鱼座）。
新年
对于印度历法来说，Makara Sankranti 标志着新的一年的开始，因为太阳进入了摩羯座的黄道区域。它最常见的测量时间是 Chaitra 月期间新月后的第二天。日历将一年分为六个季节。年份按纪元编号，最常用的编号方式是 Vikrami 纪元。
年份的编号也与当前纪元的时代相关。按照西方历法，当前纪元的纪元被标记为公元前 3102 年 1 月 23 日。选择这个日期是出于精神原因，因为这一天是 Sri Krishna 永恒回归的崇敬之日。现在我们将进入 Sri Krishna 之后的 5.123 年。
年份的编号计算了 Sri Krishna 回归后经过的年份。
印度纪元也有特定的名称。有六十个名称对应于各个年份，并且随着每一年的流逝，它们会按周期轮换。第一年称为 Prabhava，被标记为日历的纪元，每六十年，就会出现另一个 Prabhava。
纪元
韦达经文谈到了四个纪元，巨大的纪元或时代像季节一样重复，而我们目前正处于最后一个纪元。这四个时代分别是：
Krita Yuga
Tretaa Yuga
Dvaapara Yuga
Kali Yuga
它们通常被译成英文的黄金时代、白银时代、青铜时代和铁器时代。（Yuga 的意思是时代。）人们认为，这些时代见证了正法、智慧、知识、智力、寿命、情感和体力的逐渐衰落。上面提供的时代是 Kali Yuga 的开始。Kali Yuga 长达 432,000 年。据说 Dvaapara、Tretaa 和 Krita Yuga 分别是 Kali Yuga 的两倍、三倍和四倍。因此，它们加起来共计 4,320,000 年。这被称为 Caturyuga。
据说一千和一千（即两千）个 caturyuga 是造物主梵天的一天一夜。他（创造者）活了 100 年，每年 360 天，最后，据说他将与他的整个创造物一起消失，进入至高永恒灵魂摩诃毗湿奴，直到新的梵天从摩诃毗湿奴肚脐出现，新的创造开始。
Days
According to the Hindu calendar, dawn tends to mark the beginning of the new day. Where the Western calendar divides the day into hours, the Hindu calendar counts the passage of time through fifteen muhurtas, each of which last approxiately forty-eight minutes. The first two muhartas are typically used for spiritual time. Sunrise, noon, and sunset are considered to be the most important times of the day, and the chanting of the Gayatri mantra by brahmanas marks the occasions.
The Hindu calendar marks the days of the week by referring to them as the Vsara. In some variations of the calendar, the days of the week are written in traditional Sanskrit. Beginning with the day corresponding with Sunday, the days are as follows: Ravi-Sun, Soma-Moon, Mangala-Tuesday, Budha-Wenesday, Guru or Brhaspati-Thursday, Sukra-Friday, and Sani-Saturday.
Months
The Hindu calendar marks twelve months by the same cycle as the lunar phases, approximately 29.5 days each month depending on celestial movement. The month is broken down into two fortnights, a Dark one (waning moon) and a Light one (waxing moon), each lasting fifteen lunar days. In some months, a day of the cycle may need to be dropped to correlate with a shorter lunar cycle. The first day of the month varies from calendar to calendar. Generally, in North India, the full moon marks the first day of the month, while in South India, the occasion is marked by the new moon.
The names of the months are the same in each version of the Hindu calendar. The names are assigned their appropriate lunar month based on the Zodiac signs, following the transition of the sun throughout the year. The names of the months and their corresponding Zodiac signs are as follows: Chaitra (Aries), Vaisakha (Taurus), Jyaistha (Gemini), Asadha (Cancer), Sravana (Leo), Bhadrapada (Virgo), Asvina (Libra), Kartika (Scorpio), Agrahayana (Sagittarius), Pausa (Capricorn), Magha (Aquarius), and Phalguna (Pisces).
New Year
For the Hindu calendar, the Makara Sankranti marks the beginning of a new year, as the sun passes into the zodiacal territory of Capricorn. It is most commonly measured as the day after the new moon during the month of Chaitra. The calendar divides the year into six seasons. The years are numbered in eras, with the most commonly used numbering according to the Vikrami Era.
The numbering of the years also correlates to the epoch of the current era. In terms of the Western Calendar, the epoch of the current era is marked as January 23, 3102 BC. This date is chosen for spiritual reasons, as the date revered for the eternal return of Sri Krishna. Now we will be in the 5.123 since Sri Krishna.
The numbering of the years counts the years that have elapsed since the moment Sri Krishna's return.
Hindu years also have specific names. There are sixty names corresponding to individual years, and they are rotated on a cycle as each year passes. The first year, called Prabhava was marked at the epoch of the calendar, and every sixty years, another Prabhava is observed.
Eras
The Vedic Texts speaks of four eras gigantic eras or ages that repeat like the seasons, of which we are currently in the last. The four are:
Krita Yuga
Tretaa Yuga
Dvaapara Yuga
Kali Yuga
They are often translated into English as the golden, silver, bronze and iron ages. (Yuga means era.) It is believed that the ages see a gradual decline of dharma, wisdom, knowledge, intellectual capability, life span and emotional and physical strength. The epoch provided above is the start of the Kali Yuga. The Kali Yuga is 432,000 years long. The Dvaapara, Tretaaand Krita Yuga-s are said to be twice, thrice and four time the length of the Kali Yuga respectively. Thus they together constitute 4,320,000 years. This is called a Caturyuga.
A thousand and a thousand (i.e. two thousand) caturyuga-s are said to be one day and night of the creator Brahmaa. He (the creator) lives for 100 years of 360 such days and at the end, he is said to become unmanifest, along with his entire Creation, entering into the Supreme Eternal Soul, Maha Vishnu, until a New Brahma appeared from Maha Vishnu navel and a new creation starts.
