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摘要
引言
INTRODUCTION
在复杂的公共行政和治理领域中，网络在促进各机构之间的协作和资源共享方面发挥着关键作用。机构在这些网络中的战略位置至关重要。特别是在目标明确、自上而下管理和成员边界清晰的设计型网络中，理解节点的结构属性对于优化资源分配和实现预期的协作成果至关重要。与此同时，公共管理的动态环境突出了机构终止在实践和理论上的重要性。随着组织的发展或与当前需求不再匹配，机构终止成为一种关键机制，用于高效地重新分配资源，并使政府运作能够与其面临的当代挑战保持一致性。尽管关于机构终止驱动因素的文献广泛，但设计型网络中某机构位置对其终止可能性的影响仍然少有研究涉及。
In the intricate realm of public administration and governance, networks play a pivotal role in enabling collaboration and resource sharing among various agencies. The strategic positions of agencies within these networks are crucial. Particularly in designed networks, which are characterized by clear goals, top-down management, and well-defined membership boundaries, understanding the structural properties of nodes is essential for optimizing resource allocation and achieving desired collaborative outcomes. Simultaneously, the dynamic landscape of public management emphasizes the practical and theoretical importance of agency termination. As organizations evolve or become misaligned with current needs, agency termination emerges as a crucial mechanism for reallocating resources efficiently and aligning governmental operations with con- temporary challenges. Despite the extensive literature on the drivers of agency termination, the influence of an agency's position within a designed network on its likelihood of termination has been largely overlooked.
研究问题
RESEARCH QUESTION
研究假设
HYPOTHESES
研究方法
METHODS
分析单位是机构-年度。中央政府机构网络结构的数据来自中央政府工作报告。关于机构终止、层级结构、行政级别和职能的数据来自各机构的官方网站。
The unit of analysis was agency-year. The data on network structure of central government agencies are from the central government work reports. The data regarding termination, hierarchical structures, administrative levels, and functions of central government agencies were sourced from their official websites.
考虑到研究使用了结合时间序列和横截面数据的数据库来分析机构终止问题，我们认为EHA（生存分析）是最合适的方法。为了减轻异方差性可能带来的影响，我们在回归模型中采用了稳健标准误，并考虑了在机构层面的聚类。此外，为了解决可能存在的时间依赖性问题，作者在分析中加入了持续时间变量，并使用了时间的三次样条曲线。
Considering that our research focused on examining agency termination using a dataset that combines time-series and cross-sectional data, we deemed the EHA (survival analysis) as the most suitable approach. To mitigate the potential concern of heteroscedasticity, we applied robust standard errors in our regression models, taking into account clustering at the agency level. Moreover, in order to address any potential time dependence, our analysis included the duration variable and utilized cubic splines of time.
研究结果
RESULTS
估计结果显示,机构终止与机构在设计网络中居中位置之间存在负相关关系，并且这一关联具有统计显著性。例如，当机构的度中心性增加 1% 时，机构终止的风险将减少 2.92%。这种关联在网络位置的各种度量中均得以体现，如接近中心性、中介中心性、特征向量中心性、核心位置和结构洞。因此，研究结果支持假设 1。
与假设2a一致，我们的分析表明，网络位置的影响在较大的机构中更为显著，这从机构规模的显著负向调节效应中可以看出。此外，研究结果还表明，网络位置对机构终止概率的影响因机构设立方式而异。相较于通过国务院指令设立的机构，立法机构法定创建的机构在网络位置与终止之间的关系更为密切（假设2b得到支持）。另外，我们发现，经济机构的网络位置与终止之间的相关性比非经济机构更强，表明经济机构在设计网络中对中心位置的依赖性更强，以维持其生存（假设2c得到支持）。
The results demonstrate a negative and statistically significant association between agency termination and the centralized positions of agencies within the designed network. For example, the degree centrality of agency increases 1%, the risk of agency termination would decrease by 2.92%. This association held across various measures of network position, such as closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, eigenvector centrality, core, and structural holes. As a result, our findings support H1.
Since degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality are the three most used network centrality indicator in previous studies, we first interact these three network position indicators with agencies attributes in Tables 3-5, respectively. Consistent with H2,our analysis reveals that the impact of network position is more pronounced for larger agencies, as indicated by the significantly negative moderating effect of agency size. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the effect of network position on the odds of agency termination differs depending on the method of agency creation. Agencies established by the approval of the NPC exhibited a stronger relationship between network position and termination compared to those created through directives of the State Council. Additionally, we find that network position is more strongly correlated with termination among economic agencies than non-economic agencies, suggesting that economic agencies rely more heavily on a centralized network position within the designed network for survival.
结语
CONCLUSION
文章来源：
Ma, L., Liu, W., Chen, S., & Christensen, T. (2024). Where you are matters: Network position, designed network, and central government agency termination. Public Administration, 1–24.
原文链接：
https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.13026（或点击文末“阅读原文”查看）
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