非小细胞肺癌术后辅助治疗获突破，免疫治疗显著延长生存期

肺癌目前仍是死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤。20%~25%的非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者可手术治疗，然而30%~55%接受根治性手术的患者复发并最终死于NSCLC。新辅助化疗联合手术或术后辅助化疗仅可将5年无复发生存率和总生存率提高5~6个百分点。

在学界发现免疫检查点抑制剂可显著改善晚期NSCLC患者生存期后，人们将研究的目光投向术后辅助治疗。迄今为止，仅有IMpower010、KEYNOTE-091和BR.31三项3期试验公布了结果。在围手术期新辅助+辅助免疫治疗临床研究结果纷纷出炉的背景下，KEYNOTE-091等试验的结果对NSCLC患者术后辅助免疫治疗有何意义？《NEJM医学前沿》特邀浙江大学医学院附属第一医院胡坚教授团队进行深入解读。

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