麦秆画
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麦秆画是中国独有的特色工艺品之一，是中国河南省安阳市民间剪贴画的一种，麦秆画虽来自民间，却十分稀罕，更因其作为皇家贡品。
Straw painting is one of China's unique characteristic handicrafts, a type of folk clip art in Anyang City, Henan Province, China. Although straw painting comes from the folk, it is very rare, especially as a royal tribute.
它取材于小麦秆，经蒸、煮、浸、剖、刮、碾、贴、剪、烫、粘贴、组合等十几道工序制作完成，其题材主要涉及到花鸟虫鱼、山水风景、亭台楼阁、人物时尚、古今诗词等，麦秆画题材广泛内容丰富，它不仅适用于客厅、卧室、宾馆、酒店、会议室等装饰、会议礼品及各种纪念品之用。麦秆画被称为“中华一绝”、“中国手工艺术精品”，所以具有极高收藏价值。
It is made from wheat straw and completed through more than ten processes such as steaming, boiling, soaking, cutting, scraping, grinding, pasting, cutting, ironing, pasting, and combination. Its themes mainly involve flowers, birds, insects, fish, landscape scenery, pavilions, towers, fashionable figures, ancient and modern poetry, etc. Wheat straw painting has a wide range of themes and rich content. It is not only suitable for decoration, conference gifts, and various souvenirs in living rooms, bedrooms, hotels, conference rooms, etc. Wheat straw painting is known as a "masterpiece of Chinese art" and a "masterpiece of Chinese handmade art", so it has extremely high collection value.
历史
东汉刘秀被王莽追杀，万般无奈，藏于麦地之中，麦草随即化为树林保护刘秀。因此当地人视麦草为祈福迎祥之草，逐制作麦草画，供奉朝廷。 依此传说，东汉年间麦秆画的艺术层次与寓意又有了历史性的发展与升华。
During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu was chased by Wang Mang and had no choice but to hide in a wheat field. The straw immediately turned into a forest to protect Liu Xiu. Therefore, the locals regard straw as a source of blessings and auspiciousness, and gradually make straw paintings to worship the court. According to this legend, the artistic level and symbolism of straw painting in the Eastern Han Dynasty underwent a historic development and sublimation.
麦秆画源于春秋战国时期，它和剪纸、布贴同属剪贴艺术。是勤劳智慧的劳动人民思想结晶的集合体。自秦朝起就被作为高档饰品,悬挂于殿堂阁楼、豪门贵舍之中,隋唐时代正式作为宫廷工艺品,在皇室贵族间赏析珍藏,这也是传说中的麦秆画长期以来难觅其踪的原因之一。
在宋朝末年，濮阳民间又出现利用椿胶、桃胶拼贴出的麦秆扇子、昆虫和吉祥、祝福之类的小造型。作为赖以生存的主要食品，小麦历来被人们视为神圣之物，古人祭祀天地就赋予了小麦极高的地位，它象征丰收和财富。
In the late Song Dynasty, small shapes such as wheat straw fans, insects, auspiciousness, and blessings made by piecing together Chinese toon gum and peach gum appeared in the folk of Puyang. As the main food for survival, wheat has always been regarded as a sacred object by people. In ancient times, when worshipping heaven and earth, wheat was given a high status, symbolizing harvest and wealth.
麦秆画也因为它的材质来源而不仅有浓厚的民间味道，又有着吉祥高贵的象征意味。然而在封建的农耕社会，麦秆画虽来自民间，却也十分稀罕，更因其作为皇家贡品，所以不可能在平凡百姓中流行，只能作为奇艺在皇室贵族间赏析珍藏。
Wheat straw painting not only has a strong folk flavor due to its material source, but also symbolizes auspiciousness and nobility. However, in the feudal agricultural society, although wheat straw paintings came from the folk, they were also very rare, and because they were a tribute to the royal family, they could not be popular among ordinary people. They could only be appreciated and collected as a rare art among the royal family and nobles.
Wheat straw painting
制作过程
经过割、漂、刮、碾、烫等多道工序的加工处理，在保持麦秆的自然光泽和纹理不变的前提下，被作者大胆地运用图画、版画、剪纸、烙画、浮雕等表现手法，并根据需要进行剪裁和粘贴后就制作成了精美的工艺美术作品。
After multiple processes such as cutting, bleaching, scraping, grinding and ironing, on the premise of keeping the natural luster and texture of wheat straw unchanged, the author boldly uses painting, printmaking, Paper Cuttings, pyrography, relief and other expression techniques, and cuts and pastes them as needed to create exquisite arts and crafts works.
麦秆画的制作原料是麦子，用剪刀把头去掉，尾去掉，所剩的是中间部分 ，所选留的中间段麦秆粗细最好在 5 毫米左右，如果太粗的话皮就厚，细的话面又太窄了，都不适合后面的利用。
灌水：把麦秆放在水里来回的冲洗。
灌流：这个步骤要反复的进行十几次，要确保每一根麦秆都被水浸透，然后浸泡15 分钟左右。夏天的时候最好用凉水，冬天用温水，浸泡麦秆，是为了让麦秆充分的吃水、软化，这样便于下一步的操作。
刮料：15 分钟以后把麦秆从水里捞出来，然后轻轻的甩干，进行乱料。用水果刀从中间把麦秆刨开，然后进行刮平。刮的时候不要用力太大 ，要始终顺着一个方向刮，如果用力太大的话会损坏里面内层的薄毛。处理好麦秆这个平面以后该粘到纸上了，所用的纸是 60 克单胶纸，白纸。然后要加入一些清水和白乳胶 ，调适均匀就可以了。把胶埔到纸的表面，然后把麦秆粘上去，在贴的时候要注意 ，麦秆中间的抵压部分最多不能超过 1 毫米。注意按麦秆深浅颜色的不同，粘贴需要区分方向，粘满白纸就成为一块料。
Watering: Rinse the straw back and forth in water.
Irrigation: This step needs to be repeated more than ten times to ensure that each straw is soaked in water, and then soaked for about 15 minutes. It is best to use cold water in summer and warm water in winter to soak the wheat straw. This is to allow the straw to fully absorb water and soften, making it easier for the next step of operation.
Scraping: After 15 minutes, remove the straw from the water and gently shake it dry for mixing. Use a fruit knife to slice open the straw from the middle and then scrape it flat. When scraping, do not apply too much force, always scrape in one direction. If you apply too much force, it will damage the thin hair inside. After processing the flat surface of the straw, it should be glued onto paper. The paper used is 60g single adhesive paper and white paper. Then add some water and white latex, adjust evenly. Apply glue to the surface of the paper and then stick the straw onto it. When pasting, be careful not to exceed 1 millimeter of pressure in the middle of the straw. Pay attention to the different shades and colors of wheat straw, and distinguish the direction of pasting. When pasting white paper, it becomes a piece of material.
粘完麦秆以后，插上电熨斗的电源，一般需要 2--3 分钟，用手感觉一下，前面的有一点温度，切掉电源，然后用力推烫，这样有利于把麦秆压平，表面形成一个平面。把正面熨完以后翻过来，再用熨斗把潮气烘干，这样一板完整的料就做好了。然后把边缘去掉，做好以后，待用下料。
After sticking the straw, plug in the power of the electric iron, which usually takes 2-3 minutes. Use your hands to feel the temperature of the front part, cut off the power, and then push it hard to flatten the straw, forming a flat surface. After ironing the front side, turn it over and use an iron to dry the moisture. This way, a complete board of material is ready. Then remove the edges and prepare them for cutting.
Wheat straw painting
价值
麦秆本身具有自然的光泽和纹理，经过艺术家们的巧手处理，可以呈现出丰富的色彩和细腻的质感，使得麦秆画具有独特的美学价值。
Straw itself has a natural luster and texture, and through the skillful handling of artists, it can present rich colors and delicate textures, making straw paintings have unique aesthetic value.
麦秆画蕴含深厚的民间文化，作为一种中国独有的特色工艺品，它继承和发扬了麦秆画技艺，传递着社会责任，体现了对传统文化的尊重和传承。麦秆画被视为“中华一绝”、“中国手工艺术精品”，具有极高的收藏价值，被誉为“中国民间传统手工艺的一种”，展现了麦秸画独特的艺术魅力和文化内涵。
麦秆画的题材广泛，内容丰富，涉及到花鸟虫鱼、山水风景、亭台楼阁、人物时尚、古今诗词等，不仅适用于客厅、卧室、宾馆、酒店、会议室等装饰、会议礼品及各种纪念品之用，而且能够应用于家庭、宾馆、店铺、会议厅等室内永久性装饰，展现出其广泛的应用价值和艺术美感。
Wheat straw painting has a wide range of themes and rich content, involving flowers, birds, insects, fish, landscape scenery, pavilions and towers, fashionable figures, ancient and modern poetry, etc. It is not only suitable for decoration in living rooms, bedrooms, hotels, hotels, conference rooms, as well as conference gifts and various souvenirs, but can also be applied to permanent indoor decoration in homes, hotels, shops, conference halls, etc., demonstrating its wide application value and artistic beauty.
麦秆画的制作和发展，不仅丰富了人类的精神世界，还保护了自然环境，促进了可持续发展。通过不断创新和发展，麦秆画融入了现代美术思想和绘画技法，创作出具有清晰层次、合理透视和自然光感的作品，使其制作工艺发生了变革，迸发出更加灿烂的光芒。这种传统与现代相结合的做法，为传统手工艺注入了新的活力，使其能够适应现代社会的需求和审美。
The production and development of straw paintings not only enrich the spiritual world of humanity, but also protect the natural environment and promote sustainable development. Through continuous innovation and development, straw painting has integrated modern art ideas and painting techniques, creating works with clear layers, reasonable perspective, and natural light perception, which has revolutionized its production process and burst out with even more brilliant light. This combination of tradition and modernity injects new vitality into traditional handicrafts, enabling them to adapt to the needs and aesthetics of modern society.
麦秆画具有光泽透亮、装饰效果好、艺术感染力强等优点。麦秸画的设计与绘画大致相同，设计时要充分考虑麦杆上的自然丝纹，利用它剪贴后呈现出的横、平、竖、斜的光亮，来表现画的色彩和品位。设计中要使麦杆的色调和光泽自然和谐，主调明确。
现代麦杆画的艺术表现不再局限于画作，而是更多地与其他艺术装饰品或日常生活用品融为一体，其实用性增强。
Wheat straw painting has the advantages of glossy transparency, good decorative effect, and strong artistic appeal. The design of wheat straw painting is roughly the same as painting. When designing, full consideration should be given to the natural silk patterns on the wheat straw, and the horizontal, horizontal, vertical, and diagonal brightness presented by its cutting and pasting should be used to express the color and taste of the painting. In the design, the color tone and luster of the straw should be naturally harmonious, and the main tone should be clear.
The artistic expression of modern straw painting is no longer limited to paintings, but is more integrated with other art decorations or daily necessities, enhancing its practicality.
Wheat straw painting
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