汴绣 | 非物质文化遗产

文摘   2024-08-28 22:47   北京  







Bian Embroidery


Bian Embroidery

汴绣






Bian Embroidery





汴绣,流传于河南省开封市的传统美术,国家级非物质文化遗产之一。

Bian embroidery, a traditional art passed down in Kaifeng City, Henan Province, is one of the national intangible cultural heritages.




The History of Bian Embroidery

汴绣的历史




汴绣,起源于宋代的开封,是当时手工业中的一个重要行业。当时的开封是北宋的国都,被称作“汴梁”或“汴京”,所以这种刺绣就被称为“汴绣”了。汴绣历史悠久,以绣工精致、针法细密,图案严谨、格调高雅、色彩秀丽而著称,因此与苏绣,湘绣、粤绣、蜀绣一起合称为“中国五大名绣”。
Bian embroidery originated in Kaifeng during the Song Dynasty and was an important handicraft industry at that time. At that time, Kaifeng was the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty and was known as "Bianliang" or "Bianjing", so this embroidery was called "Bianxiu". Bian embroidery has a long history and is known for its exquisite embroidery techniques, fine needlework, rigorous patterns, elegant style, and beautiful colours. Therefore, it is collectively referred to as one of the "Five Famous Embroidery Styles in China" along with Su embroidery, Xiang embroidery, Yue embroidery, and Shu embroidery.









The production of Bian embroidery

汴绣的制作





汴绣有很多种针法,不过最常用的有齐针绣、十字绣、蒙针绣、别针绣、乱针绣、滚针绣、锁边绣等,逐渐从十几种发展到四十几种。齐针绣是最基本的针法之一,讲究用线工整,线条均衡整齐。汴绣技法的优点就在于很注重用线的方法,粗细也有所讲究,同时线与线之间转变灵活,讲究丝理变化,为能更好的表现物体形象的质感,汴绣会根据材料、题材和颜色这几方面的不同去进行合理设计。
There are many types of needlework in Bian embroidery, but the most commonly used ones include neat stitch embroidery, cross stitch embroidery, Mongolian stitch embroidery, pin stitch embroidery, random stitch embroidery, rolling stitch embroidery, and lock stitch embroidery, gradually developing from a dozen to over forty types. Qi needle embroidery is one of the most basic needlework techniques, emphasizing the use of neat and balanced lines. The advantage of the Bian embroidery technique lies in its emphasis on the method of using threads, with a certain emphasis on thickness. At the same time, the transition between threads is flexible, and the variation of silk texture is emphasized. To better express the texture of the object image, Bian embroidery will be designed reasonably according to the different materials, themes, and colours.









The characteristics of Bian Embroidery

汴绣的特点




Bian Embroidery








汴绣在色彩情感上注重搭配整体和谐的效果。如山水国画、花卉类的绣品,白色的缎底上绣制出层次分明的近山与远山、高山与低山;如花卉类绣品,五颜六色、色彩绚丽,花与花之间、叶与叶之间总能有较柔和的过渡和强调。不仅如此,汴绣还注重装饰图案与色彩的有机结合以及各种色彩之间的衔接与互补。如常将几种颜色的线反复使用,使绣品上的颜色形成连续的照应,使表现效果层次分明、对比适当。另外,还常采用色彩晕润的方法来增强层次感。
Bian embroidery focuses on the overall harmony of colour and emotion. Embroidery works such as landscape paintings and floral designs, with distinct layers of near and far mountains, and high and low mountains embroidered on a white satin base; Like floral embroidery, it is colourful and vibrant, with gentle transitions and emphasis between flowers and leaves. Not only that, but Bian embroidery also emphasizes the organic combination of decorative patterns and colours, as well as the connection and complementarity between various colours. Repeatedly use threads of several colours as usual to create a continuous contrast between the colours on the embroidery, resulting in a clear and contrasting effect. In addition, colour blending is often used to enhance the sense of hierarchy.








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