琥珀雕刻 | 非物质文化遗产

文摘 2024-09-08 00:14 山西

琥珀雕刻

Amber carving

琥珀雕刻品种多样，色彩缤纷，雕刻工艺精致高超，使琥珀雕刻工艺品呈现出多姿多彩的迷人魅力。

Amber carvings come in a variety of colours and exquisite craftsmanship, presenting a charming and colourful charm to amber carving crafts.

琥珀雕刻，辽宁省抚顺市传统美术，国家级非物质文化遗产之一。

Amber carving, a traditional art of Fushun City, Liaoning Province, is one of the national intangible cultural heritages.

在20世纪之初，抚顺琥珀雕刻品就同抚顺煤精雕刻一道，远销日本、东南亚以及世界各地。

At the beginning of the 20th century, Fushun amber carvings, along with Fushun coal powder carvings, were exported to Japan, Southeast Asia, and around the world.

历史

HISTORY

琥珀雕刻最早出现在清朝末期，据《百年煤雕》和《抚顺琥珀》二书记载，清光绪二十九年（1903），祖籍河北的木雕艺人赵昆生、赵景霖兄弟发现琥珀的可雕性，便与另一个木雕艺人张佰孝合作成立了第一家专门从事琥珀雕刻、销售的商号“双合兴”。

Amber carving first appeared in the late Qing Dynasty. According to the two books "One Hundred Years of Coal Carving" and "Fushun Amber", in the 29th year of the Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty (1903), the wooden carvers Zhao Kunsheng and Zhao Jinglin, who were originally from Hebei, discovered the malleability of amber and collaborated with another wooden carver Zhang Baixiao to establish the first specialized business name for amber carving and sales, "Shuanghexing".

后来收徒、传艺，培养了20余名学徒， “双合兴”成为当时规模最大的琥珀雕刻作坊，三人也成为抚顺琥珀雕刻的一代宗师，雕刻技艺也随之流传。

Later, he recruited and passed on his skills, training more than 20 apprentices. "Shuanghexing" became the largest amber carving workshop at that time, and the three of them also became masters of Fushun amber carving, and their carving techniques were also passed down.

制作工序

Production process

制作一件抚顺琥珀雕刻品需经过采料、选料、切皮、造型、破荒、捣角、铲活、走刀、抢细、磨光、钻眼、搓孔、磨形、穿珠、内画、镶嵌、抛光、清洗等数十道工序，工艺流程极为复杂。

The production of a Fushun amber carving requires dozens of processes, including material selection, skin cutting, shaping, breaking, corner pounding, scraping, cutting, refining, polishing, drilling, hole rubbing, shaping, bead piercing, inner painting, inlaying, polishing, and cleaning. The process flow is extremely complex.

因琥珀易碎，所以除刀外，艺人自制了一些微型加工工具进行精雕细琢，技巧讲究稳、准、狠。

Due to the fragility of amber, in addition to knives, the artist also made some micro-processing tools for meticulous carving, emphasizing stability, accuracy, and ruthlessness in their techniques.

抚顺琥珀雕刻工艺中还有一种特殊工艺――镶嵌。镶嵌大多是将琥珀镶嵌到金银、象牙、首饰盒、煤精雕刻品等器物上工艺看似简单，却是整件作品的灵魂。做好了画龙点睛，做不好则画蛇添足。只有技艺高超的琥珀雕刻艺人才有资格胜任镶嵌工。

There is also a special technique in Fushun amber carving - inlay. Inlaying is mostly the process of embedding amber onto objects such as gold, silver, ivory, jewellery boxes, and coal carvings. Although the craftsmanship may seem simple, it is the soul of the entire piece. If done well, add the finishing touch; if not done well, add the finishing touch. Only skilled amber carvers are qualified to perform inlay work.

文化特征

Cultural characteristics

琥珀雕刻制品以琥珀雕件为主，具有体积小巧、做工精细、层次分明的特点，主要有人物雕件、动物雕件、素活、手把件等，还包括首饰雕件、烟嘴、印章、鼻烟壶、胸针等。其雕刻技法主要有圆雕、浮雕、透雕三种，在造型设计和雕刻技巧方面借鉴玉雕和煤雕，并加以改进和创新。例如《海棠花薰》学习玉雕素活中的造型设计，采用青铜器中夔龙纹的雕刻图案，将各种技法融为一体，令整件作品显得玲珑剔透、典雅华贵。

Amber carving products are mainly made of amber carvings, which have the characteristics of small size, fine workmanship, and clear hierarchy. They mainly include character carvings, animal carvings, vegetarian carvings, handle carvings, etc., as well as jewellery carvings, cigarette butts, seals, snuff bottles, brooches, etc. Its carving techniques mainly include round carving, relief carving, and openwork carving. In terms of modelling design and carving techniques, it draws on jade carving and coal carving and improves and innovates them. For example, in "Haitang Huaxun", the design of jade carving elements is studied, and the carved patterns of Kui and Long patterns in bronze ware are used to integrate various techniques, making the entire work appear exquisite, transparent, elegant and luxurious.

琥珀雕刻品种多样，色彩缤纷，雕刻工艺精致高超，使琥珀雕刻工艺品呈现出多姿多彩的迷人魅力。琥珀具有消痛镇惊、冬暖夏凉的特点，具有很高的药用价值。制作的琥珀首饰，受到世界各地人们的喜爱，琥珀佛珠成为佛家七宝之一。

抚顺琥珀工艺有着鲜明的传统文化特征，具有很高的工艺价值、鉴赏价值、使用价值和收藏价值，是抚顺地域文化的代表之一。

Amber carvings come in a variety of colours and exquisite craftsmanship, presenting a charming and colourful charm to amber carving crafts. Amber has the characteristics of relieving pain and shock, keeping warm in winter and cool in summer, and has high medicinal value. The amber jewellery made is loved by people around the world, and amber Buddha beads have become one of the seven treasures of Buddhism.

Fushun amber craftsmanship has distinct traditional cultural characteristics, high craftsmanship value, appreciation value, use value, and collection value, and is one of the representatives of Fushun regional culture.

END

内容策划 Presented

＋

策划 Producer | Zoe

排版 Editor | Zoe

校对 Proof | Eve

审核 Reviewer | Eve

图片版权 Copyright | 网络

T&D Factory

探索不同传统手工艺术

找寻国内外优秀趣味设计

欢迎非遗传承人联系我们进行推广与学习.

合作请联系后台，看到消息后我们会第一时间回复您.

END

http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5OTgyNzgzNQ==&mid=2247490073&idx=1&sn=3f703fee21854ebebeb311123c92ca86

TD Factory

探索研究不同传统手工艺术，搜罗各种国内外优秀趣味设计。

最新文章

内画 | 非物质文化遗产

黎族纺染织绣丨传统手工艺丨东方美学

曹雪芹风筝 | 北京非物质文化遗产

汉绣 | 非物质文化遗产

玉石花盆景|非物质文化遗产

软木画｜非物质文化遗产

面塑 | 非物质文化遗产

挑花绣｜非物质文化遗产

夏布绣 | 民间绣活 | 非物质文化遗产

中国珠算 | 传统文化

二十四节气｜非物质文化遗产

皱绣 | 非物质文化遗产

水拓画 | 非物质文化遗产

茶百戏 | 非物质文化遗产

三蓝绣 | 非物质文化遗产

侗族刺绣｜非物质文化遗产

破线绣 | 非物质文化遗产

雕花蜜饯 | 非物质文化遗产

（新）宜兴紫砂壶|非物质文化遗产

竹编画 | 非物质文化遗产

羌绣 | 非物质文化遗产

玲珑瓷｜景德镇四大传统名瓷｜非物质文化遗产

宜兴紫砂壶 | 非物质文化遗产

铜凿剪纸｜非物质文化遗产

壮锦 | 非物质文化遗产

泥金彩漆 | 非物质文化遗产

巩成｜尧都陶器非遗传承人

苗寨吊脚楼 | 非物质文化遗产

立体绣 | 非物质文化遗产

火草布｜非物质文化遗产

潮绣 | 非物质文化遗产

芜湖铁画 | 非物质文化

鲁绣 | 非物质文化遗产

叶雕 | 非物质文化遗产

中国岩彩画 | 中国非物质文化遗产

火壶｜火焰艺术｜非物质文化遗产

留青竹刻 | 非物质文化遗产

皮雕 | 传统手工艺

瓦猫 | 非物质文化遗产

制茶技艺 | 非物质文化遗产

宋锦｜非物质文化遗产

女书｜非物质文化遗产

金银彩绣 | 非物质文化遗产

许名泰｜非遗传承人

贝雕 | 非物质文化遗产

金石拓印 | 非物质文化遗产

泉州簪花|非物质文化遗产

漆珠 | 非物质文化遗产

盘金绣 | 中国传统刺绣针法

云锦 | 非物质文化遗产

分类

时事

民生

政务

教育

文化

科技

财富

体娱

健康

情感

旅行

百科

职场

楼市

企业

乐活

学术

汽车

时尚

创业

美食

幽默

美体

文摘

原创标签

时事社会财经军事教育体育科技汽车科学房产搞笑综艺明星音乐动漫游戏时尚健康旅游美食生活摄影宠物职场育儿情感小说曲艺文化历史三农文学娱乐电影视频图片新闻宗教电视剧纪录片广告创意壁纸头像心灵鸡汤星座命理教育培训艺术文化金融财经健康医疗美妆时尚餐饮美食母婴育儿社会新闻工业农业时事政治星座占卜幽默笑话独立短篇连载作品文化历史科技互联网

发布位置

广东北京山东江苏河南浙江山西福建河北上海四川陕西湖南安徽湖北内蒙古江西云南广西甘肃辽宁黑龙江贵州新疆重庆吉林天津海南青海宁夏西藏香港澳门台湾美国加拿大澳大利亚日本新加坡英国西班牙新西兰韩国泰国法国德国意大利缅甸菲律宾马来西亚越南荷兰柬埔寨俄罗斯巴西智利卢森堡芬兰瑞典比利时瑞士土耳其斐济挪威朝鲜尼日利亚阿根廷匈牙利爱尔兰印度老挝葡萄牙乌克兰印度尼西亚哈萨克斯坦塔吉克斯坦希腊南非蒙古奥地利肯尼亚加纳丹麦津巴布韦埃及坦桑尼亚捷克阿联酋安哥拉