付先斌 | 非遗传承人

Fu

 Xianbin

付先斌 

Fu Xianbin

客家根雕是省级非遗项目，在技法 造型语言上与木雕相似又有别木雕，是木雕的一个分支，是一种巧妙的艺术。客家根雕采用杜鹃、樟木、黄杨等优质造型独特之天然材料，以陈放多年的枯树根为主或者千年阴沉木或万年之乌木；主要表现题材为赣南本地风土人情，民俗，赣南宋城文化。客家根雕对材料要求极为苛刻，经严格挑选材料，然后驱虫，防霉，构思，画草稿，打胚，修光等系列工序；经过目数众多细致打磨，最后上蜡成型。

Hakka root carving is a provincial intangible heritage project, which is similar to and different from wood carving in the technique modelling language. It is a branch of wood carving and a kind of ingenious art. Hakka root carving uses high-quality and unique natural materials such as rhododendron, camphor wood, buxus, etc., mainly old dead tree roots or thousands of years of dark wood or ebony; The main theme of expression is the local customs, folk customs and the culture of Song city in southern Gannan. Hakka root carving is extremely demanding on materials, after a strict selection of materials, and then deworming, mildew prevention, conception, drawing draft, embryo, polishing and other processes; After many meticulous grinding, finally wax moulding.

中国雕刻历史悠久，博大精深。雕刻的起源可以追溯到新石器时代的工具制作，在隋唐时期，木雕就广泛应用于建筑承重的装饰设计雕刻，至明清，各木雕流派风格基本确立形成；根雕 ，是中国传统独有的线与写意的一门艺术，是结合中国传统绘画，木雕与建筑 佛造像等众多艺术众长的一个艺术造型门类，是一门巧妙的艺术，最早的根雕可以追溯到春秋战国时期。

 Chinese sculpture has a long history, extensive and profound. The origin of carving can be traced back to tool-making in the Neolithic Age. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, wood carving was widely used in the decorative design and carving of load-bearing buildings. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the styles of wood carving schools were established and formed. Root carving is an art of line and freehand brushwork unique to Chinese tradition. It is an art form that combines traditional Chinese painting, wood carving and architectural Buddha statues. It is a clever art. The earliest root carving can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Periods.

木雕，在中国传统工艺美术史上有过辉煌的历史，木雕应用广泛，如祠堂，屏风，家居，民居，庙宇，有平面雕刻，圆雕，线刻。明清至今，木雕技艺趋于成熟，出现了多层次镂空技法，风格精美细腻，达到了一个新的高度；不管时代怎么变化，木雕在现今乃至将来的历史都将会不断出现，创新发展，并且会永久的流传下去。

Wood carving, in the history of traditional Chinese arts and crafts, has a brilliant history, wood carving is widely used, such as ancestral halls, screens, homes, dwellings, temples, flat carving, round carving, and line carving. Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, wood carving techniques have matured, and multi-level hollowing techniques have appeared, with exquisite and delicate style, reaching a new height; No matter how The Times change, the history of wood carving in the present and even in the future will continue to appear, innovate and develop, and will be handed down forever.

木雕与根雕至明清是发展的高峰期，战乱年代逐渐没落，改革开放之后逐步得到恢复，在党和政府的大力支持和鼓励关心下，各地手艺人和艺术家不断挖掘，梳理与研发，使传统雕刻艺术得以传承和发展；以建筑   宗教佛像制作，屏风，家具雕刻，架上摆件为主要类别，材料应用大致以本地樟木，黄杨木，榆木，楠木为主要用材。近几年来加入了如紫檀，海黄，老山檀香等高端进口木材制作雕件。  

Wood carving and root carving were the peak of development until the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which gradually declined in the war years, and gradually recovered after the reform and opening up. With the strong support and encouragement of the Party and the government, craftsmen and artists around the country continue to dig, comb research and develop, so that traditional carving art can be inherited and developed. The main categories are the construction of religious Buddha statues, screens, furniture carvings, and ornaments on shelves. The materials used are mostly local camphor wood, boxwood, elm, and nanmu. In recent years, it has added high-end imported wood such as rosewood, sea yellow, and Laoshan sandalwood to make carvings.

木雕（根雕）艺术源远流长，是一门既古老又年轻的艺术，是即可写实又能抽象的雕刻艺术门类；赣南地区山高林密、植被茂盛、根材来源丰富，早在1999年，2000年赣州市先后被江西省文化厅和国家文化部分别授予“江西省根艺之乡”“中国民间艺术木雕（根雕）”之乡，荣誉称号。

 Wood carving (root carving) art has a long history, is an ancient and young art, and can be realistic and abstract carving art category; In the south of Jiangxi Province, the mountains and forests are dense, the vegetation is lush, and the roots are rich. As early as 1999, in 2000, Ganzhou City was successively awarded the honorary title of "the hometown of Jiangxi Province Root Art" and "the hometown of Chinese Folk Art Wood carving (root carving)" by the Department of Culture of Jiangxi Province and the Ministry of Culture of China respectively.

客家根雕第四代传承人付先斌，近三十年来通过收徒，专业培训，体验式沙龙，公益讲座，参加全国性  行业性  区域性等形式进行宣传和传承，培养了数十名徒弟，累计培训人数约五千人，目前在赣州科汇技工学校，嵯峨寺小学设有工作室教学。

  Fu Xianbin, the fourth-generation inheritor of Hakka root carving, has carried out publicity and inheritance in the past 30 years through enrollment, professional training, experience salon, public lectures, and participation in the national industry and regional forms, and cultivated dozens of apprentices, with a cumulative training number of about 5,000 people. At present, he has a studio teaching at Ganzhou Kehui Technical School and Sagaji Primary School.

客家根雕始于清朝年间，距今已有数百年的历史了。客家根雕是以赣南特有的质地坚硬  盘根错节 纹理清晰细腻的灰树  杜鹃   香樟木  楠木  黄杨  映山红  黄荆兜等等为原材料。这些终年受泥水冲刷，风霜雨打虫蛀  被大自然的巧手雕琢成各种深沉苍古之感的，各种被人抛弃的， 堆放在屋檐下做材烧的那些蕴藏着无限内在生命活力 各种似是而非  似像非像的根材 为客家根雕传统题材的创作提供了源源不断地良材。

 Hakka root carving began in the Qing Dynasty and has a history of hundreds of years. Hakka root carving is made of grey trees, cuckoo, camphor, nanmu, buxen, mountain red, Nepeta and so on. These roots, which are washed by mud and washed by wind, frost and rain all year round, are carved into a deep sense of antiquity by the skilful hands of nature and are abandoned by people and stacked under the eaves to make wood-burning. These roots, which contain infinite inner life vitality, are all kinds of plausible but not similar roots and provide a steady stream of good materials for the creation of traditional themes of Hakka root carving.

客家根雕多依材取势，以形生意，以意传神 ，精雕细磨，充分借助根材的自然外形，巧施雕刻技艺，以保留自然形态为主，利用美好的缺陷，缺陷的美好等虫蛀空洞瘤疤结节，细腻的纹理纹路，在局部巧施雕刻技艺，主要是运用蝴蝶刀与平口刀，圆雕与浮雕，线刻相结合，雕刻与根材衔接自然得体 婉转自如。多以各种朴实无华的客家人物， 山川风景飞禽走兽形象的架上摆件为主。

Hakka root carving depends on the material to take the potential, to shape the business, to convey the spirit, fine carving and fine grinding, fully using the natural shape of the root, skillfully applying the carving technique, mainly to retain the natural form, the use of beautiful defects, the beauty of defects such as moth-eaten holes, scars and nodules, fine texture lines, in the local skilful carving techniques, mainly the use of butterfly knives and flat knives, round carving and relief, The combination of line engraving, carving and root connection natural, decent and graceful. Mostly in a variety of plain Hakka figures, mountains and rivers scenery, and birds and animal images of the rack decoration.

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