“沙漠地区种植蔬菜的供水方法” - 雅思学术阅读-图表标签完成题型 (Diagram Label Completion)

2024-07-14 22:58   北京  


资料来源:IELTS 官网

中英文对照

Academic Reading Sample Task – Diagram Label Completion

学术阅读示例任务 – 图表标签完成题


[Note: This is an extract from an Academic Reading passage on the subject of a method of providing water to grow vegetables in desert regions. The text preceding this extract gave some background facts about the development of the method.]

[注:这是一篇学术阅读文章的摘录,主题是沙漠地区种植蔬菜的供水方法。摘录前面的文字介绍了该方法开发的一些背景事实。]


Charlie Paton has built a giant structure on a desert island off Abu Dhabi in the Persian Gulf – the first commercially viable version of his ‘seawater greenhouse’. Local scientists, working with Paton under a licence from his company Light Works, are watering the desert and growing vegetables in what is basically a giant dew-making machine that produces fresh water and cool air from sun and seawater.

查理·帕顿 (Charlie Paton) 在波斯湾阿布扎比 (Abu Dhabi in the Persian Gulf) 附近的一个荒岛上建造了一座巨型建筑 (giant structure),这是他的 “海水温室(seawater greenhouse) ”的第一个商业可行性版本 (commercially viable version)。当地的科学家在帕顿 (Paton) 的公司 Light Works 的许可下与他合作,为沙漠浇水并种植蔬菜,这实际上是一台巨大的制露机 (a giant dew-making machine),利用阳光和海水产生淡水 (fresh water) 和凉爽的空气 (cool air)。


The design has three main features. Firstly, there is a front wall of perforated cardboard through which hot, dry air blows in from the desert. This wall is kept moist by seawater pumped up from the nearby shoreline. As this water evaporates, heat is taken from the air inside the greenhouse and moisture added to it. Last June, for example, when the temperature outside the Abu Dhabi greenhouse was 46 °C, it was in the low 30s inside and the humidity in the greenhouse was 90 per cent. The cool, moist air inside the greenhouse allows the plants to grow faster, and because much less water evaporates from the leaves, their demand for moisture drops dramatically. Paton’s crops thrived on a single litre of water per square metre per day, compared to 8 litres if they were growing outside.

该设计有三个主要特点。首先,前墙由穿孔纸板 (perforated cardboard) 制成,沙漠中的热干空气 (hot, dry air) 通过它吹进来。从附近海岸线抽取的海水使前墙保持湿润 (kept moist)。随着海水蒸发 (As this water evaporates),温室内空气中的热量被吸收,水分被添加到空气中。例如,去年6 月,当阿布扎比 (Abu Dhabi) 温室外的温度为46°C 时,温室内的温度只有 30 度出头,温室内的湿度为90%。温室内凉爽潮湿的空气 (cool, moist air) 使植物生长得更快,而且由于叶子中蒸发的水分少得多,它们对水分的需求急剧下降。帕顿(Paton) 的农作物每天每平方米仅需 1 升水就能茁壮成长,而如果在室外种植则需要 8 升水。


The second feature also serves to cool the air for the plants. Paton has constructed a double-layered roof with an outer layer of clear polythene and an inner, coated layer that reflects infrared light. Visible light can stream through to maximise photosynthesis, while infrared radiation is trapped in the space between the layers, away from the plants.

第二个功能还可以为植物降温。帕顿 (Paton) 建造了一个双层屋顶 (a double-layered roof),外层是透明聚乙烯 (clear polythene),内层是反射红外光的涂层 (coated layer that reflects infrared light)。可见光 (visible light) 可以穿过,最大限度地提高光合作用(photosynthesis),而红外辐射(infrared radiation) 则被困在层与层之间的空间中,远离植物。


At the back of the greenhouse sits the third element, the main water-production unit. Just before entering this unit, the humid air of the greenhouse mixes with the hot, dry air from between the two layers of the roof. This means the air can absorb more moisture as it passes through a second perforated cardboard wall. Finally, the hot saturated air hits a condenser. This is kept cool by still more seawater. Drops of pure distilled water form on the condenser and flow into a tank for irrigating the crops.

温室的后面是第三个元素,即主要的制水装置 (water-production unit)。在进入该装置之前,温室的潮湿空气 (humid air) 与来自两层屋顶之间的热干空气(hot, dry air) 混合。这意味着空气在穿过第二层穿孔纸板墙 (perforated cardboard wall) 时可以吸收更多的水分 (absorb more moisture)。最后,热饱和空气进入冷凝器 (condenser)。更多的海水使冷凝器保持凉爽。冷凝器上形成纯净蒸馏水滴,流入灌溉农作物的水箱中 (Drops of pure distilled water form on the condenser and flow into a tank for irrigating the crops)。


The greenhouse more or less runs itself. Sensors switch everything on when the sun rises, and alter flows of air and seawater through the day in response to changes in temperature, humidity and sunlight. On windless days, a fan ensures a constant flow of air through the greenhouse. ‘Once it is tuned to the local environment, you don’t need anyone there for it to work,’ says Paton. ‘We can run the entire operation off one 13- amp plug, and in future we could make it entirely independent of the grid, powered from solar panels.’

温室基本可以自行运转。太阳升起时,传感器会启动所有设备,并根据温度(temperature)、湿度 (humidity) 和阳光(sunlight) 的变化改变一天中空气和海水的流动。在无风的日子里 (On windless days),风扇可确保空气持续流过温室。帕顿 (Paton) 表示:“一旦它适应了当地环境,就不需要任何人在场了。我们可以用一个 13 安培的插头来运行整个系统,将来我们可以让它完全独立于电网,由太阳能电池板供电。”


Questions 1 – 5

问题 1-5


Label the diagram below.

为下图标注。


Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

每个答案从文章中选择不超过三个单词。


Write your answers in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.

请将答案写在答题纸上的1-5号方框中。

(答案见文末)

文章分析

这篇雅思阅读材料描述了Charlie Paton在阿布扎比波斯湾的一个沙漠岛上建造的“海水温室”的设计和运作。该温室的主要功能是利用海水和太阳能生产新鲜水和冷空气,从而在沙漠中种植蔬菜。文章通过具体的细节描述了温室的三个主要特点及其工作原理。

文章结构分析:


  1. 介绍部分:

  • 描述了温室的位置和主要功能。

  • 提到了Paton和他的公司Light Works的合作伙伴关系。


  • 第一个特点:

    • 解释了温室前墙的设计:有孔纸板墙。

    • 详细描述了空气和水的相互作用如何调节温室内的温度和湿度。

    • 提供了一个具体的例子,说明温室内外温差和湿度的变化。

    • 阐明了植物生长的好处,包括降低水分需求。


  • 第二个特点:

    • 描述了双层屋顶的设计及其作用。

    • 解释了光线如何通过而红外辐射被反射,从而保护植物免受过热。


  • 第三个特点:

    • 介绍了温室后部的主要制水单元。

    • 解释了湿空气和热空气的混合过程,以及如何增加空气湿度。

    • 描述了冷凝器的工作原理,说明如何生产蒸馏水用于灌溉。


  • 自动化操作:

    • 描述了温室的自动化操作系统。

    • 强调了温室对环境变化的响应能力。

    • 提到未来的可能性,如通过太阳能供电使其完全独立于电网。


    主要词汇和表达:

    • Seawater greenhouse: 海水温室

    • Perforated cardboard wall: 穿孔纸板墙

    • Humidity: 湿度

    • Double-layered roof: 双层屋顶

    • Condenser: 冷凝器

    • Distilled water: 蒸馏水

    • Sensors: 传感器

    • Solar panels: 太阳能电池板


    细节分析:

    1. 温室内外温差:外部46°C,内部低于30°C,湿度达到90%。

    2. 节水效果:温室内的作物每平方米每天只需1升水,而室外需8升。

    3. 自动化:温室使用传感器和风扇自动调节,运行效率高。


    阅读技巧:

    • 定位关键词:在文章中寻找与题目相关的关键词,快速定位答案。

    • 理解长句:分解复杂句子,理清主要信息和细节。

    • 归纳总结:通过段落大意和具体例子,归纳出文章的主要信息和细节。


    通过这些分析和阅读技巧的运用,可以有效理解和回答关于这篇文章的雅思阅读题目。

    答案

    1 hot dry air ■ dry hot air

    2 cool moist air ■ moist cool air

    3 infrared radiation/light

    4 (a/the) condenser

    5 pure/distilled water ■ pure distilled water

    ---------- END ----------

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