Academic Reading Sample Task – Table Completion
雅思学术类阅读示例
题型：表格填空 (Table Completion)
文章主题：关于蜣螂 (dung beetles) 的文章
文章翻译与解析
[Note: This is an extract from an Academic Reading passage on the subject of dung beetles. The text preceding this extract gave some background facts about dung beetles, and went on to describe a decision to introduce non-native varieties to Australia.]
[注：这是一篇关于蜣螂，又称屎壳郎或粪甲虫 (dung beetles) 主题的学术阅读文章的摘录。摘录前面的文字介绍了一些有关蜣螂的背景知识，并描述了将非本土品种引入澳大利亚的决定。]
英文原文：Introducing dung beetles into a pasture is a simple process: approximately 1,500 beetles are released, a handful at a time, into fresh cow pats in the cow pasture. The beetles immediately disappear beneath the pats digging and tunnelling and, if they successfully adapt to their new environment, soon become a permanent, self-sustaining part of the local ecology. In time they multiply and within three or four years the benefits to the pasture are obvious.
中文译文：将蜣螂 (dung beetles, 又称屎壳郎或粪甲虫) 引入牧场 （pasture) 是一个简单的过程：大约 1,500 只蜣螂 (beetles) 被释放到牛牧场 (cow pasture）的新鲜牛粪 (fresh pats) 中，每次一把。蜣螂 (beetles) 会立即消失在牛粪的挖掘和隧道下方，如果它们成功适应了新环境，很快就会成为当地生态系统中永久的、自我维持的一部分。随着时间的推移，它们会繁殖，三四年内对牧场的好处显而易见。
英文原文：Dung beetles work from the inside of the pat so they are sheltered from predators such as birds and foxes. Most species burrow into the soil and bury dung in tunnels directly underneath the pats, which are hollowed out from within. Some large species originating from France excavate tunnels to a depth of approximately 30 cm below the dung pat.
中文译文：蜣螂 (dung beetles) 在粪堆内部活动，这样它们就可以躲避鸟类和狐狸等捕食者。大多数种类的蜣螂会钻入土壤 (burrow into the soil），将粪便埋在粪堆正下方的隧道中，这些隧道是从内部挖空的。一些来自法国的大型蜣螂会挖掘隧道，深度约为粪堆下方 30 厘米。
英文原文：These beetles make sausage-shaped brood chambers along the tunnels. The shallowest tunnels belong to a much smaller Spanish species that buries dung in chambers that hang like fruit from the branches of a pear tree. South African beetles dig narrow tunnels of approximately 20 cm below the surface of the pat. Some surface-dwelling beetles, including a South African species, cut perfectly-shaped balls from the pat, which are rolled away and attached to the bases of plants.
中文译文：这些蜣螂沿着隧道挖出香肠状的育雏室 (sausage-shaped brood chambers)。最浅的隧道属于一种体型小得多的西班牙甲虫 (Spanish species)，它们将粪便埋在像梨树枝上的果实一样悬挂的育雏室中。南非甲虫 (South African beetles) 在粪块表面以下约 20 厘米处挖出狭窄的隧道。一些生活在地表的甲虫，包括一种南非甲虫，会从粪块上切出形状完美的球，然后滚走并附着在植物的根部。
英文原文：For maximum dung burial in spring, summer and autumn, farmers require a variety of species with overlapping periods of activity. In the cooler environments of the state of Victoria, the large French species (2.5 cms long), is matched with smaller (half this size), temperate-climate Spanish species. The former are slow to recover from the winter cold and produce only one or two generations of offspring from late spring until autumn. The latter, which multiply rapidly in early spring, produce two to five generations annually.
中文译文：为了在春季、夏季和秋季实现最大限度的粪便掩埋，农民需要活跃期相互重叠的多种蜣螂种类。在维多利亚州较冷的环境中，大型法国物种（2.5 厘米长）与较小（只有其一半大小）的温带气候西班牙物种相匹配。前者从冬季寒冷中恢复缓慢，从晚春到秋季只产生一两代后代。后者在早春迅速繁殖，每年产生两到五代。
英文原文：The South African ball-rolling species, being a sub-tropical beetle, prefers the climate of northern and coastal New South Wales where it commonly works with the South African tunneling species. In warmer climates, many species are active for longer periods of the year.
中文译文：南非滚球甲虫 (The South African ball-rolling species） 是一种亚热带甲虫 (sub-tropical beetle)，喜欢新南威尔士州北部和沿海地区的气候，在那里它通常与南非挖洞甲虫共存。在较温暖的气候下，许多甲虫一年中活跃的时间更长。
Glossary (词汇表)
1.dung (粪): the droppings or excreta of animals (动物的粪便或排泄物)
2.cow pats (牛粪): droppings of cows (牛的粪便)
Question 9 – 13 Complete the table below.
问题 9 – 13 完成下表。
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet.
从文章中选择不超过三个单词作为每个答案。将答案写在答题纸上的 9-13 框中。
Species 物种 | Size 大小 | Preferred Climate 偏好气候 | Comlementary Species 互补物种 | Start of active period 活跃期开始时间 | Number of generations per year 每年繁殖次数 |
French Spanish South African ball rolle | 2.5cm 1.25cm | cool 9___ 12__ | Spanish 13____ | late spring 10____ | 1-2 11____ |
(答案见文末)
阅读材料分析
这段文章详细描述了非本土蜣螂（又称粪甲虫）在澳大利亚牧场的引入及其生态影响。文章从蜣螂的引入方法、不同种类的行为及适应性、以及它们在不同气候条件下的表现等方面进行了深入探讨。
引入和融入：
过程：蜣螂的引入过程相对简单，即在牧场的新鲜牛粪中释放大约1500只蜣螂。
适应：如果蜣螂能适应新环境，它们会成为当地生态系统的永久、自我维持的一部分。
影响：在三到四年内，蜣螂对牧场的益处会变得显而易见。
行为和种类细节：
保护：蜣螂在牛粪内部工作，避免了鸟类和狐狸等捕食者的威胁。
掘洞：不同种类的蜣螂掘洞深度各异：
法国种类：掘洞深度可达30厘米。
西班牙种类：浅层隧道，隧道中有像水果一样悬挂的粪室。
南非种类：隧道深度约20厘米，有些种类会将粪便滚成球形并固定在植物基部。
季节活动和气候适应：
种类多样性：为了在春夏秋三个季节内最大限度地掩埋粪便，农民需要不同活跃期重叠的蜣螂种类。
气候适应：
维多利亚州（较冷的环境）：法国的大型种类（长2.5厘米）与温带气候下的西班牙小型种类（长1.25厘米）相匹配。前者从冬季寒冷中恢复较慢，只在晚春到秋季间产生一到两代后代；后者在早春繁殖迅速，每年产生两到五代后代。
新南威尔士州北部和沿海（较暖的气候）：南非的滚粪种类和南非的掘洞种类共同工作。在较暖的气候下，许多蜣螂种类一年中活跃的时间更长。
总结：
这篇文章通过对蜣螂引入过程、不同种类的行为及其在不同气候下的适应性的描述，展示了蜣螂在改善牧场生态环境方面的显著作用。这种科学的引入方法和对生态系统的有效管理，为牧场的可持续发展提供了重要支持。
1句1翻译
第1段:
Introducing dung beetles into a pasture is a simple process: approximately 1,500 beetles are released, a handful at a time, into fresh cow pats in the cow pasture.
将蜣螂 (dung beetles, 又称屎壳郎或粪甲虫) 引入牧场 （pasture) 是一个简单的过程：大约 1,500 只蜣螂 (beetles) 被释放到牛牧场 (cow pasture) 的新鲜牛粪 (fresh pats) 中，每次一把。
The beetles immediately disappear beneath the pats digging and tunnelling and, if they successfully adapt to their new environment, soon become a permanent, self-sustaining part of the local ecology.
蜣螂 (beetles) 会立即消失在牛粪的挖掘和隧道下方，如果它们成功适应了新环境，很快就会成为当地生态系统中永久的、自我维持的一部分。
In time they multiply and within three or four years the benefits to the pasture are obvious.
随着时间的推移，它们会繁殖，三四年内对牧场的好处显而易见。
第2段:
Dung beetles work from the inside of the pat so they are sheltered from predators such as birds and foxes.
蜣螂 (dung beetles) 在粪堆内部活动，这样它们就可以躲避鸟类和狐狸等捕食者。
Most species burrow into the soil and bury dung in tunnels directly underneath the pats, which are hollowed out from within. Some large species originating from France excavate tunnels to a depth of approximately 30 cm below the dung pat.
大多数种类的蜣螂会钻入土壤 (burrow into the soil），将粪便埋在粪堆正下方的隧道中，这些隧道是从内部挖空的。一些来自法国的大型蜣螂会挖掘隧道，深度约为粪堆下方 30 厘米。
第3段:
These beetles make sausage-shaped brood chambers along the tunnels.
这些蜣螂沿着隧道挖出香肠状的育雏室 (sausage-shaped brood chambers)。
The shallowest tunnels belong to a much smaller Spanish species that buries dung in chambers that hang like fruit from the branches of a pear tree.
最浅的隧道属于一种体型小得多的西班牙甲虫 (Spanish species)，它们将粪便埋在像梨树枝上的果实一样悬挂的育雏室中。
South African beetles dig narrow tunnels of approximately 20 cm below the surface of the pat.
南非甲虫 (South African beetles) 在粪块表面以下约 20 厘米处挖出狭窄的隧道。
Some surface-dwelling beetles, including a South African species, cut perfectly-shaped balls from the pat, which are rolled away and attached to the bases of plants.
一些生活在地表的甲虫，包括一种南非甲虫，会从粪块上切出形状完美的球，然后滚走并附着在植物的根部。
第4段:
For maximum dung burial in spring, summer and autumn, farmers require a variety of species with overlapping periods of activity.
为了在春季、夏季和秋季实现最大限度的粪便掩埋，农民需要活跃期相互重叠的多种蜣螂种类。
In the cooler environments of the state of Victoria, the large French species (2.5 cms long), is matched with smaller (half this size), temperate-climate Spanish species.
在维多利亚州较冷的环境中，大型法国物种（2.5 厘米长）与较小（只有其一半大小）的温带气候西班牙物种相匹配。
The former are slow to recover from the winter cold and produce only one or two generations of offspring from late spring until autumn.
前者从冬季寒冷中恢复缓慢，从晚春到秋季只产生一两代后代。
The latter, which multiply rapidly in early spring, produce two to five generations annually.
后者在早春迅速繁殖，每年产生两到五代。
第5段:
The South African ball-rolling species, being a sub-tropical beetle, prefers the climate of northern and coastal New South Wales where it commonly works with the South African tunneling species.
南非滚球甲虫 (The South African ball-rolling species） 是一种亚热带甲虫 (sub-tropical beetle)，喜欢新南威尔士州北部和沿海地区的气候，在那里它通常与南非挖洞甲虫共存。
In warmer climates, many species are active for longer periods of the year.
在较温暖的气候下，许多甲虫一年中活跃的时间更长。
Glossary
术语表
1 dung (粪): the droppings or excreta of animals (动物的粪便或排泄物)
2 cow pats (牛粪): droppings of cows (牛的粪便)
答案
9 temperate
10 early spring
11 two to five / 2-5
12 sub-tropical
13 South African tunneling/ tunnelling
Alternative answers are separated by a slash (/).
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