IELTS 阅读理解的例题 - 多选题型-关于年长劳动力的一篇分析阅读
来源: IELTS 英文官网
Clearly, when older people do heavy physical work, their age may affect their productivity. But other skills may increase with age, including many that are crucial for good management, such as an ability to handle people diplomatically, to run a meeting or to spot a problem before it blows up. Peter Hicks, who co-ordinates OECD* work on the policy implications of ageing, says that plenty of research suggests older people are paid more because they are worth more.
显然，当老年人从事重体力劳动时，他们的年龄可能会影响他们的生产力。但其他技能可能会随着年龄的增长而增加，包括许多对良好管理至关重要的技能，例如外交上处理人际关系的能力 (handle people diplomatically)、主持会议的能力 (run a meeting) 或在问题爆发前发现问题的能力 (to sot a problem before it blows up)。负责协调经合组织 (OECD) 关于老龄化政策影响工作的彼得·希克斯 (Peter Hicks) 表示，大量研究表明，老年人的薪酬更高，因为他们更有价值。
And the virtues of the young may be exaggerated. ‘The few companies that have kept on older workers find they have good judgement and their productivity is good,’ says Peter Peterson, author of a recent book on the impact of ageing. ‘Besides, their education standards are much better than those of today’s young high-school graduates.’ Companies may say that older workers are not worth training because they are reaching the end of their working lives; in fact, young people tend to switch jobs so frequently that they offer the worst returns on training. The median age for employer-driven training is the late 40s and early 50s, and this training goes mainly to managers.
年轻人的优点可能被夸大了。彼得·彼得森 (Peter Peterson) 是最近一本关于老龄化影响的书的作者，他说：“少数几家留住年长员工的公司发现，这些员工判断力强，生产率也很高。此外，他们的教育水平比现在的年轻高中毕业生高得多。”公司可能会说，年长员工不值得培训，因为他们即将结束职业生涯；事实上，年轻人往往频繁换工作，因此他们的培训回报最差。雇主主导的培训的平均年龄是 40 多岁和 50 岁出头，这种培训主要针对管理人员。
*OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
*OECD：经济合作与发展组织
Questions 1–4
ChooseTWO correct answers.
问题 1–4
选择两个正确答案。
1–2
The list below gives some of the advantages of employing older workers.
下面的列表列出了雇用年长工人的一些优势。
WhichTWO advantages are mentioned by the writer of the text?
文章作者提到了哪两个优势？
lThey are less likely to be involved in careless accidents. (他们不太可能发生因疏忽而引发的事故。)
lThey can predict areas that may cause trouble in the future. (他们可以预测未来可能引发麻烦的领域。)
lThey are able to train younger workers. (他们能够培训年轻工人。)
lThey can deal with unexpected problems. (能够处理意外问题。)
lThey are more conscientious. (他们更加认真负责。)
lThey are prepared to work for lower salaries. (他们愿意以较低的工资工作。)
lThey are more skilled in personal relationships. (他们更擅长处理人际关系。)
3–4
The list below gives some of the disadvantages of employing younger workers.下面列出了雇用年轻工人的一些缺点。
Which TWO disadvantages are mentioned by the writer of the text?
文章作者提到了哪两个缺点？
lThey are too confident of their own skills. (他们对自己的技能太有信心了。)
lThey may injure themselves. (他们可能会伤害到自己。)
lThey do not stay with the same company for very long. (他们不会在同一家公司呆很长时间。)
lTheir training has been too theoretical. (他们的训练过于理论化。)
lThey are not as well educated as older workers. (他们受教育程度不如年长工人。)
lThey demand higher salaries. (他们要求更高的工资。)
（答案见文末)
阅读理解材料的文体分析
这段文字是一篇具有信息性和分析性的文章，讨论了年长员工与年轻员工在生产力和价值方面的比较。以下是对其结构和文体的分析：
目的
这段文字旨在挑战关于年长员工生产力的常见看法，强调他们在工作中的价值。通过提供论据和证据，表明年长员工在某些情况下具备的关键技能甚至可能超越年轻员工。
结构
引言（第一句）：
主张： 文章开头承认一个普遍的观点，即年长者在从事繁重体力劳动时，年龄可能会影响他们的生产力。
过渡： 随后迅速转向，指出其他一些对于管理至关重要的技能随着年龄的增长可能会有所提高。
支持论点（第二至第三句）：
技能提升： 列举了一些可能随着年龄增加而提升的具体技能，如外交能力、会议管理以及问题预见能力。
专家意见： 引用OECD的Peter Hicks的观点，强化了年长者之所以工资更高是因为他们的技能更有价值。
反驳和论证（第四至第五句）：
年轻美德的夸大： 文章反驳了年轻员工更优秀的普遍看法，建议年轻员工的美德可能被夸大了。
作者见解： 引用Peter Peterson的观点，支持年长员工具有良好的判断力和生产力，并且他们的教育标准比当今的年轻高中毕业生要好。
公司实践和培训（第六至第八句）：
培训投资： 讨论了公司普遍不愿意培训年长员工的原因，认为他们即将退休，与此对比的是年轻员工频繁跳槽，导致培训投资回报率较低。
培训的中位年龄： 提供了雇主主导培训的中位年龄数据，强调主要受益的是四五十岁的管理人员。
文体
语气： 语气正式且客观，旨在通过逻辑论证和证据说服读者。
语言： 语言清晰准确，使用具体的例子和专家意见支持论点。
引用： 直接引用如Peter Hicks和Peter Peterson的言论，增加了论点的可信度。
比较分析： 文中比较了年长和年轻员工的感知价值和实际贡献，提供了一个平衡的视角。
修辞策略
诉诸权威： 引用OECD和关于老龄化影响的书籍作者的观点，增加论点的分量。
数据使用： 提及培训的中位年龄，支持关于年长员工培训投资的论点。
反驳论点： 回应并反驳关于年轻员工的普遍看法，增强整体论证。
结论
这段文字通过专家意见、比较分析和逻辑推理，有效地论证了年长员工带来的宝贵技能，不应被低估。它强调了对培训投资的误解以及对年轻员工美德的夸大，提倡对不同年龄段生产力的更为细致的理解。
1句1翻译
第一段
Clearly, when older people do heavy physical work, their age may affect their productivity.
显然，当老年人从事重体力劳动时，他们的年龄可能会影响他们的生产力。
But other skills may increase with age, including many that are crucial for good management, such as an ability to handle people diplomatically, to run a meeting or to spot a problem before it blows up.
但其他技能可能会随着年龄的增长而增加，包括许多对良好管理至关重要的技能，例如外交上处理人际关系的能力、主持会议的能力或在问题爆发前发现问题的能力。
Peter Hicks, who co-ordinates OECD* work on the policy implications of ageing, says that plenty of research suggests older people are paid more because they are worth more.
负责协调经合组织*关于老龄化政策影响工作的彼得·希克斯 (Peter Hicks) 表示，大量研究表明，老年人的薪酬更高，因为他们更有价值。
And the virtues of the young may be exaggerated.
年轻人的优点可能被夸大了。
‘The few companies that have kept on older workers find they have good judgement and their productivity is good,’ says Peter Peterson, author of a recent book on the impact of ageing.
彼得·彼得森 (Peter Peterson) 是最近一本关于老龄化影响的书的作者，他说：“少数几家留住年长员工的公司发现，这些员工判断力强，生产率也很高。
‘Besides, their education standards are much better than those of today’s young high-school graduates.’ Companies may say that older workers are not worth training because they are reaching the end of their working lives; in fact, young people tend to switch jobs so frequently that they offer the worst returns on training.
此外，他们的教育水平比现在的年轻高中毕业生高得多。”公司可能会说，年长员工不值得培训，因为他们即将结束职业生涯；事实上，年轻人往往频繁换工作，因此他们的培训回报最差。
The median age for employer-driven training is the late 40s and early 50s, and this training goes mainly to managers.
雇主主导的培训的平均年龄是 40 多岁和 50 岁出头，这种培训主要针对管理人员。
阅读题答案
1&2 IN EITHER ORDER
They can predict areas that may cause trouble in the future.
They are more skilled in personal relationships.
3&4 IN EITHER ORDER
They do not stay with the same company for very long.
They are not as well educated as older workers.
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