雅思学术阅读英中文对照
Academic Reading Sample Task – Matching Sentence Endings
雅思学术阅读 – 匹配句子结尾 (Matching Sentence Endings)
[Note: This is an extract from a Part 3 text about the scientific community in London in the
1500s.]
[注:这是关于 16 世纪伦敦科学界的第三部分文本的摘录。]
Science in 16th-century London
16 世纪伦敦的科学
The Jewel House, a new book by historical researcher and author Deborah Harkness
《珠宝屋》 (The Jewel House),美国历史研究员兼作家黛博拉·哈克尼斯 (Deborah Harkness) 的新书
Deborah Harkness devotes her elegant and erudite new book, The Jewel House, to the scientific community in 16th-century London. She (rightly) argues that it is thanks to the imaginative collective efforts of the urban scientists that London became the melting pot in which a new mathematical and experimental culture crystallized.
黛博拉·哈克尼斯 (Deborah Harkness) 在其优雅博学 (elegant and erudite) 的新书《珠宝屋》(The Jewel House) 中,专门描写了 16 世纪伦敦的科学界。她 (正确地) 指出 (She (rightly) argues that),正是由于城市科学家富有想象力的集体努力,伦敦才成为新的数学和实验文化的熔炉 (melting pot)。
Harkness is known for her ingenuity as a researcher and her historical empathy. In The Jewel House, Harkness turns her skills on the city of London as a whole with surprising and fascinating results. She began her research by asking herself a new question: not what caused scientific revolution but what the names science and scientist meant in 16thcentury London. Then she collected a vast range of sources, from printed books to scientific instruments and notebooks, and recorded, in a relational database, information on the men and women who produced them.
哈克尼斯 (Harkness) 以她作为一名研究者的聪明才智 (ingenuity) 和她对历史的同理心 (historical empathy) 而闻名。在《珠宝屋》(The Jewel House) 中,哈克尼斯 (Harkness) 将她的技能运用到整个伦敦城,并取得了令人惊讶和着迷的成果 (surprising and fascinating results)。她开始研究时问了自己一个新问题:不是是什么引发了科学革命,而是科学和科学家这些名字在 16 世纪伦敦意味着什么。然后她收集了大量资料,从印刷书籍到科学仪器和笔记本,并在关系数据库 (a relational database) 中记录了这些笔记的制作人的信息。
Every chapter of The Jewel House charts the activities of a particular community. Harkness leads us through the streets of London, showing us, neighborhood by neighborhood, where the major forms of natural knowledge found homes. For example, apothecaries settled in Lime Street, in what is now the City, where they created a dense network of shops and gardens. Clockmakers, both native craftsmen and many from overseas, clustered in several parishes near St Paul’s Cathedral. The once wealthy merchant, Clement Draper, even managed to transform the King’s Bench prison in Southwark, where he served time as a debtor, into a center of research and discussion. By the end of the book Harkness has mapped London’s scientific communities with astonishing precision.
《珠宝屋》(The Jewel House) 的每一章都记录了某个特定社区的活动。哈克尼斯 (Harkness) 带领我们穿过伦敦的街道,逐个街区地向我们展示自然知识的主要形式在哪里找到家园。例如,药剂师 (apothecaries) 定居在莱姆街 (Lime Street),也就是现在的伦敦金融城,在那里他们创建了一个密集的商店和花园网络。钟表匠 (Clockmakers),既有本土工匠 (native craftsmen),也有来自海外的工匠,聚集在圣保罗大教堂 (St Paul’s Cathedral) 附近的几个教区 (parishes)。曾经富有的商人克莱门特·德雷珀 (Clement Draper) 甚至成功地将他因债务而入狱的南华克王座监狱 (King’s Bench prison in Southwark) 改造成研究和讨论中心。在书的结尾,哈克尼斯 (Harkness) 以惊人的精确度绘制了伦敦的科学界。
Moreover, when Harkness reconstructs these groups, she provides not traditional, static accounts of their theories, but dynamic analyses of their practices as these developed over time. In many cases, she makes clear, the alchemists of Elizabethan London already understood that knowledge of nature had to rest not on authority but on familiarity through practice.
此外 (Moreover),当哈克尼斯 (Harkness) 重新构建这些团体时,她提供的不是传统的 (traditional)、静态的理论描述 (static accounts of their theories),而是随着时间推移而发展起来的实践的动态分析。在许多情况下,她明确表示,伊丽莎白时代伦敦的炼金术士 (alchemists of Elizabethan London) 已经明白,对自然的了解不能依靠权威,而要依靠通过实践获得的熟悉感。
In one crucial respect, Harkness argues, many of the 16th-century London scientists differed from the later ones of the 17th century. They saw themselves less as individuals out to gain fame, than as members of larger textual communities bent on exchanging and compiling information. The passages in which Harkness analyzes the 16th- century practices of note-taking and communication are among the most novel and informative in this fine book. She shows that they adopted the textual information processing methods of humanist scholarship to radically new ends.
哈克尼斯 (Harkness) 认为 (argues),在一个关键方面 (in one crucial respect),许多 16 世纪的伦敦科学家与 17 世纪后期的科学家有所不同。他们认为自己不是追求名声 (gain fame) 的个体,而是致力于交换和汇编信息的大型文本社区的成员 (members of larger textual communities bent on exchanging and compiling information) 。哈克尼斯 (Harkness) 分析 16 世纪笔记和交流实践的段落是这本优秀著作中最新颖和最翔实的段落之一。她表明,他们采用了人文主义学术的文本信息处理方法 (the textual information processing methods of humanist scholarship) 来达到全新的目的。
In this book, Harkness has charted the local and cosmopolitan worlds of science in Elizabethan London with a learning, precision and intelligence that compel admiration. Moreover, she has crafted a complex and effective new analytical mechanism which may transform the practices of historians of early modern science.
在这本书中,哈克尼斯 (Harkness) 以令人钦佩的学识、精确度和智慧描绘了伊丽莎白时代伦敦的本土 (local) 和国际 (cosmopolitan) 科学世界。此外,她还设计了一种复杂而有效的新分析机制,这可能会改变早期现代科学史学家的实践。
Questions 1 – 3
问题 1-3
Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-F, below. Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes
用正确的结尾 A-F 完成下面的每个句子。在方框中写出正确的字母 A-F
1-3 on your answer sheet. 答题纸上的1-3题。
1 Harkness’s research method was different to that of other writers because 哈克尼斯的研究方法与其他作家不同,因为...
2 Harkness’s reconstruction of the 16th-century London scientific groups was new because 哈克尼斯对 16 世纪伦敦科学团体的重建是新颖的,因为...
3 Harkness shows that the 16th-century London scientists were innovative because 哈克尼斯指出,16 世纪伦敦的科学家之所以富有创新精神,是因为...
A she has the greatest knowledge of Elizabethan London. 她对伊丽莎白时代的伦敦有着最为深入的了解。
B she started by seeking to understand how basic terms were used in the past. 她首先试图了解过去基本术语是如何使用的。
C they worked as individuals rather than as a group. 他们以个人身份而非集体形式工作。
D she examined how their methods evolved and changed. 她研究了他们的方法是如何演变和变化的。
E Clement Draper was the best scientist of his time. 克莱门特·德雷珀 (Clement Draper) 是他那个时代最优秀的科学家。
F they used old ways of analysing written information for new purposes. 他们用旧的方法分析书面信息以达到新目的。
(答案在文末)
雅思学术阅读材料分析
这篇雅思阅读材料介绍了历史研究员和作家 Deborah Harkness 的新书《珠宝屋》(The Jewel House) 。Harkness 在书中专注于16世纪伦敦的科学社区,并认为正是由于这些城市科学家的集体想象力,伦敦成为了数学和实验文化结晶的熔炉。
以下是对这篇材料的分析:
主题介绍:文章开头介绍了书籍的主题,即16世纪伦敦的科学社区。
作者背景:提到了 Deborah Harkness 作为研究员和作家的背景,强调了她的独创性和历史共情能力。
研究方法:Harkness 通过提出新问题开始她的研究,即16世纪的科学和科学家意味着什么。她收集了广泛的资料,包括印刷书籍、科学仪器和笔记本,并在关系数据库中记录了生产这些资料的男女信息。
社区活动:书中每一章都记录了一个特定社区的活动,Harkness带领读者穿越伦敦的街道,展示了自然知识的主要形式在哪里找到了它们的家园。
科学实践:Harkness 不仅提供了这些群体理论的传统静态描述,还提供了他们实践的动态分析,这些实践随着时间的发展而发展。
知识观:文章指出,伊丽莎白时代的伦敦炼金术士已经理解到,对自然的了解必须建立在实践上的熟悉,而不是仅仅依赖权威。
与17世纪科学家的差异:Harkness 认为,16世纪的伦敦科学家与17世纪的科学家在观念上有所不同,他们更看重作为更大文本社区的成员,致力于交流和编纂信息。
信息处理方法:Harkness 分析了16世纪的笔记和通信实践,并展示了他们如何采用人文主义学术的信息处理方法,达到全新的目标。
学术贡献:Harkness在书中以学习、精确和智慧的方式绘制了伊丽莎白时代伦敦的本地和世界科学界,她的分析机制可能改变早期现代科学历史学家的实践。
写作风格和结构:文章的写作风格清晰,结构合理,每一段都围绕一个中心思想展开,逐步深入探讨主题。
对雅思考生的挑战:这篇材料可能对雅思考生来说具有挑战性,因为它涉及专业术语和复杂的历史背景。考生需要具备良好的词汇量和理解能力,才能充分理解文章的内容。
答案
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