胸锁乳突肌肌动学(中英文对照)

美体   2024-10-14 12:00   广东  

The Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle has two heads—sternal and clavicular—that contribute to different tension lines depending on the direction of movement and posture. Here are the typical tension lines:

胸锁乳突肌(SCM)有两个头——胸骨头和锁骨头——它们根据运动和姿势的方向对不同的张力线做出贡献。以下是典型的张力线:

1. 胸骨头(Sternal Head):

• Tension tends to run vertically along the neck from the sternum (manubrium) up to the mastoid process behind the ear.

• 张力倾向于从胸骨(胸骨柄)垂直沿颈部向上延伸到耳后乳突。

• Activities like forward head posture or excessive neck flexion can increase tension along this line.

• 头前伸姿势或过度颈部屈曲等活动可能会增加沿此线的张力。

2. 锁骨头(Clavicular Head):

• The tension follows a more oblique path from the clavicle to the mastoid process.

• 张力从锁骨到乳突呈更倾斜的路径。

• Often activated with lateral flexion or rotation of the neck to the opposite side.

• 经常在颈部向对侧侧屈或旋转时被激活。

3. 常见的高张力点(Common Tension Points):

• The mastoid attachment at the base of the skull, due to constant head positioning and stress.

位于颅骨底部的乳突附着处,由于持续的头部位置和压力。

• The junction at the clavicle and sternum, where SCM tension can lead to shoulder or chest discomfort.

• 位于锁骨和胸骨的连接处(胸锁关节处),SCM 高张力可导致肩部或胸部不适。

Tension in the SCM often refers pain to the front of the head, around the eyes, and sometimes mimics tension headaches.
SCM 的张力通常将疼痛指向头部前方、眼睛周围,有时模仿紧张性头痛。
Tension lines in muscles, such as the Sternocleidomastoid (SCM), represent the direction in which the muscle fibres experience the most strain or stress during movement. 
肌肉中的张力线,如胸锁乳突肌(SCM),代表肌肉纤维在运动过程中承受最大应变或压力的方向。
These lines follow the natural orientation of the muscle fibres and are influenced by factors like head position, muscle imbalances, or repetitive movements.
这些线条遵循肌肉纤维的自然方向,并受头部位置、肌肉不平衡或重复运动等因素的影响。
In the SCM, tension lines typically run from the mastoid process down to both the clavicle and sternum, depending on which head of the muscle is more active.
在 SCM 中,张力线通常从乳突向下延伸到锁骨和胸骨,具体取决于哪个肌肉头更活跃。
Recognising these tension lines is essential in manual therapy, as they guide soft tissue techniques and myofascial releases, allowing practitioners to more effectively reduce muscle tightness and improve flexibility.
识别这些张力线对于手法技术至关重要,因为它们指导软组织技术和筋膜释放,使从业者能够更有效地减少肌肉紧张和改善灵活性。
Understanding and treating along these lines can prevent issues like referred pain or tension headaches, which are common in SCM dysfunction.
了解和沿着这些线条进行处理可以预防诸如牵涉痛或紧张性头痛等问题,这些问题在 SCM 功能障碍中很常见。

核心术语及其含义

  • 胸锁乳突肌 (Sternocleidomastoid muscle, SCM):这块肌肉位于颈部两侧,从胸骨和锁骨延伸到耳后的乳突。它是颈部最显著的肌肉之一,在头部运动和姿势维持中起着关键作用。
  • 张力线 (tension lines):肌肉纤维在受到拉伸或收缩时所产生的力量方向。这些线条沿着肌肉纤维的自然走向分布,反映了肌肉在运动中的受力情况。
  • 胸骨 (sternum):位于胸腔前部的扁骨,是胸廓的重要组成部分。
  • 锁骨 (clavicle):位于颈部和胸部之间,呈S形的长骨。
  • 乳突 (mastoid process):位于耳后,是颞骨的一部分,许多肌肉附着于此。
  • 颈部屈曲 (neck flexion):低头动作。
  • 颈部侧屈 (lateral neck flexion):头部向一侧倾斜的动作。
  • 颈部旋转 (neck rotation):头部左右转动的动作。
  • 张力点 (tension points):肌肉中特别容易产生紧张和疼痛的区域。
  • 牵涉痛 (referred pain):疼痛的感觉出现在身体的一个部位,但其原因却来自身体的另一个部位。
  • 紧张性头痛 (tension headache):由肌肉紧张引起的头部疼痛,常表现为头部两侧或后部紧绷感。
  • 筋膜 (fascia):包裹在肌肉、骨骼、神经等组织周围的一层薄膜,具有支持和保护的作用。
  • 肌筋膜释放 (myofascial release):一种软组织按摩手法,通过施加持续的压力来缓解肌肉和筋膜的紧张。


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