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Tension lines in muscles refer to the directions along which stress or tension accumulates due to the muscle’s function and interaction with surrounding structures. These lines can give insight into pain patterns and help inform therapeutic techniques.
肌肉张力线是指肌肉由于其功能以及与周围结构的相互作用而累积应力或张力的方向。这些线条可以洞察疼痛模式，并有助于指导治疗技术。
1. 肌肉纤维方向（Muscle Fibre Orientation）:
• The QL has fibres running vertically between the 12th rib and the iliac crest, as well as horizontally connecting the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae. These fibers create vertical and oblique tension lines.
腰方肌的纤维在第12肋骨和髂嵴之间垂直排列，以及水平连接腰椎横突。这些纤维形成垂直和斜向的张力线。
• Vertical fibers contribute to stabilising the spine and rib cage, while horizontal fibres assist with lateral bending and contribute to stabilisation during lifting or twisting movements.
垂直纤维有助于稳定脊柱和肋骨，而水平纤维有助于侧弯，并在举重或扭转动作期间有助于稳定。
2. 常见的张力模式（Common Tension Patterns）:
• Lateral Flexion: The QL is a key muscle for lateral flexion (side bending) of the trunk. Repetitive lateral flexion or overuse, such as bending to one side or carrying heavy loads, can cause tension lines to form along the side of the torso. These lines will often extend from the iliac crest toward the lower ribs and even the side of the abdomen.
侧弯：腰方肌是躯干侧弯（侧屈）的关键肌肉。重复性侧弯或过度使用，例如向一侧弯曲或携带重物，可能会导致沿躯干侧面的张力线形成。这些线条通常从髂嵴延伸到下肋骨甚至腹部侧面。
• Rotational Movements: Although the QL is not a primary rotator, it supports stability during twisting motions. Overuse during rotational activities can lead to oblique tension patterns, radiating diagonally from the lower back toward the opposite side of the ribcage or pelvis.
旋转运动：虽然腰方肌不是主要的旋转肌，但它在旋转运动期间支持稳定性。旋转活动过度使用可能会导致斜向张力模式，从下背部斜向辐射到肋骨或骨盆的另一侧。
3. 呼吸参与（Respiratory Involvement）:
• The QL helps fix the 12th rib during forced respiration (such as deep breathing or coughing). Tension can build along the lower ribs, creating a sense of tightness or discomfort in the lower back or upper lumbar area during breathing.
腰方肌有助于在强迫呼吸（例如深呼吸或咳嗽）期间固定第12肋骨。张力可以在下肋骨沿线形成，在呼吸期间在下背部或腰部上部产生紧绷或不适感。
Recognising the tension lines and their role in QL dysfunction can greatly assist in pinpointing the root cause of pain and improving treatment outcomes through targeted manual therapy and exercises.
识别张力线及其在腰方肌功能障碍中的作用可以极大地帮助确定疼痛的根本原因，并通过有针对性的手动技术和运动来改善治疗效果。
注意：
肌肉张力线是一个相对较新的概念，在不同的文献中可能会有略微不同的解释。
腰方肌的功能非常复杂，除了本文提到的作用外，还参与了其他许多运动和姿势的控制。
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