从长期来看,我们的经验和决策无不依赖于我们所处的宏观环境。虽然宏观趋势,尤其是长期趋势往往变化缓慢,使得每一代人甚至数代人可能都难以真正觉察到其影响。但经济学家和金融学家已越来越清晰地认识到缓慢变化的宏观环境对投资者行为的巨大影响。例如,在其生命期间曾经历过股市崩盘的投资者,随后对参与股票市场的积极性会显著降低(Malmendier and Nagel, 2011)。当然,这里,我们并不是想说一代投资者的行为可能显著影响股票异象的表现(当然,这可能是一个值得深入研究的有趣问题),只是想借此强调,“历史并不会简单的重复”,一旦宏观趋势逆转,资产和策略的表现也可能完全不同。站在美联储激进加息,以美国为代表的发达国家乃至全球的利率长期下行趋势终结的转折点上,vBMS (2022) 从利率的潜在影响出发,用一个简单的方法,给予了近年来争议颇大的“金融投资异象是否存在复制危机的问题”新的启示。其新颖的切入问题的视角堪称“降维打击”。通过为异象多空组合分别构建久期匹配的债券组合并将其收益差异从异象多空组合中扣除,vBMS (2022) 计算了各异象的反事实收益,进而表明,已有研究发现的异象中大约一半得益于过去数十年中利率长期下降的趋势。随着利率下行的长期趋势不再,这些异象的未来表现值得担忧。vBMS (2022) 的研究再次将潜在的数据挖掘问题摆上了异象研究的台面上。不仅如此,由于过去几十年间全球化的快速推进,全球主要经济体大都呈现出与美国类似的利率长期下行的趋势。这大大削弱了用其他国家的数据来验证异象的稳健性的做法(如 Jensen, Kelly and Pedersen)的可靠性,从而促使学界和业界不得不重新仔细地审视上述看似已有公论的问题。最后,如本文开篇所表明的,在利率长期下行趋势终结的这一转折点上,这一研究还具有重要的实践意义。通过将利率及与之相伴的久期风险考虑进来,投资者可以形成对异象表现更为合理的预期,从而在构建因子和策略时更具前瞻性。此外,不得不提的是,上述利率长期下行趋势的终结是对以美国为代表的发达国家而言的,对于投资中国市场,则还需大家自己对中国的宏观环境和趋势进行研判,进而指导自身的实践。您看,这不,金融投资终归还是跟宏观合流了[笑]。全文完。祝您阅读愉快!免责声明:本文在任何情况下都不代表投资建议。文中图表均来自相关文章、期刊,或互联网数据,版权归原作者和期刊所有,也不代表本公众号的意见。References:
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